Aquatic Life Sciences Archives (Volume 2 Issue 2)

Fini Afidah, Abdul Qadir Jailani, Muhammad Tri Aji. Water Quality Analysis of the Sengkaring River for Fish Farming Feasibility in Pekalongan Regency. Aquatic Life Sciences. 2025; 2(2):40-50.

Abstract: Rivers serve as essential water sources for freshwater aquaculture, and their quality must meet physical, chemical, and biological standards to ensure environmental sustainability. This study aimed to assess the water quality of the Sengkarang River in Pekalongan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, de Show more...

Abstract: Rivers serve as essential water sources for freshwater aquaculture, and their quality must meet physical, chemical, and biological standards to ensure environmental sustainability. This study aimed to assess the water quality of the Sengkarang River in Pekalongan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, determine its suitability for freshwater aquaculture, and identify fish species appropriate for cultivation. The research was conducted from October to November 2021 during the transitional period from dry to rainy season at three sampling sites representing the upstream (Legokalong Village), midstream (Karanganyar Village), and downstream (Karangsari Village) zones. Water samples were collected using purposive sampling and analyzed by the Environmental Agency of Pekalongan City through laboratory testing, descriptive statistics, and a scoring-based suitability assessment. The results showed that temperature (25.3–26.1°C), brightness (38–54 cm), dissolved oxygen (5.2–5.7 mg/L), pH (7.0–7.3), BOD (0.19–1.05 mg/L), COD (20.65–35.92 mg/L), and nitrite (0.026–0.041 mg/L) met the Class III water quality standards based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Plankton abundance ranged from 47,410 to 75,000 ind/L, indicating fertile and productive waters. With an overall suitability score of 86 (highly suitable category), the Sengkarang River is considered feasible for the cultivation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), catfish (Clarias sp.), and gourami (Osphronemus goramy). These findings highlight the strong potential of the Sengkarang River for sustainable aquaculture development and emphasize the importance of regular environmental monitoring to maintain water quality and ecological balance. Show less...

Water quality River Aquaculture

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Stephanie Octavia, Santhy Wisuda Sidauruk, Noor Ira Sari. Physicocemical and Microbiologycal Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Based Toothpaste From Freshwater Mussel (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) Shell. Aquatic Life Sciences. 2025; 2(2):51-56.

Abstract: Utilizing freshwater mussel shell waste as a sustainable source of calcium-based biomaterials represents an eco-friendly approach to producing hydroxyapatite for oral care applications. Hydroxyapatite acts as an active component in toothpaste formulations, functioning as an abrasive and inhibiting b Show more...

Abstract: Utilizing freshwater mussel shell waste as a sustainable source of calcium-based biomaterials represents an eco-friendly approach to producing hydroxyapatite for oral care applications. Hydroxyapatite acts as an active component in toothpaste formulations, functioning as an abrasive and inhibiting bacterial growth responsible for dental plaque. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding hydroxyapatite to toothpaste on its physicochemical and microbiological characteristics and to determine the best formulation of freshwater mussel shell–based hydroxyapatite toothpaste. The research included hydroxyapatite synthesis, toothpaste production, and evaluation of physicochemical and microbiological properties. An experimental method using a completely randomized design was employed, consisting of four treatments: TH35 (35% hydroxyapatite), TH45 (45% hydroxyapatite), TH55 (55% hydroxyapatite), and TK (commercial toothpaste). The results showed that the addition of hydroxyapatite significantly affected the physicochemical characteristics (color, aroma, texture, homogeneity, spreadability, pH, and foam height) and microbiological activity (inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus) at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.001). The best formulation, based on pH, calcium content, and bacterial inhibition zone, was obtained with 55% hydroxyapatite, having a pH of 7.39, calcium content of 15.97%, and an inhibition zone of 22.24 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings demonstrate that mussel shell–derived hydroxyapatite can serve as a sustainable and functional ingredient in toothpaste formulations with enhanced antibacterial and physicochemical performance. Show less...

Calcium Freshwater mussel shell Hydroxyapatite Staphylococcus aureus Toothpaste

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Erlando Fatiranes, Santhy Wisuda Sidauruk, Bustari Hasan. Characteristics of Crude Pepsin Enzyme from Catfish Stomach (Clarias sp.). Aquatic Life Sciences. 2025; 2(2):57-63.

Abstract: Fish stomach is a by-product of the fishing industry that has potential as a natural source of pepsin enzyme, particularly from catfish (Clarias sp.). This study aimed to characterize crude pepsin extracted from catfish stomachs. The extraction was carried out by homogenizing the stomach with 10 Show more...

Abstract: Fish stomach is a by-product of the fishing industry that has potential as a natural source of pepsin enzyme, particularly from catfish (Clarias sp.). This study aimed to characterize crude pepsin extracted from catfish stomachs. The extraction was carried out by homogenizing the stomach with 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), followed by centrifugation at 10,000 g for 15 min at 4°C. The obtained pepsinogen was activated using 3 N HCl at pH 2 and neutralized to pH 2.75 with 2 N NaHCO₃. Enzyme activity was determined using the hemoglobin assay at 280 nm, and protein concentration was measured by the Bradford method at 595 nm. The crude pepsin showed an activity of 33.50 ± 0.87 U/mL, protein concentration of 0.358 ± 0.005 mg/mL, total activity of 1,608 ± 41.57 U, and specific activity of 93.52 U/mg. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity at 50°C and pH 4, with relative activity toward NaCl, ZnCl₂, and FeCl₃ of 81.08%, 49.10%, and 128.15%, respectively, indicating Fe³⁺ acted as an activator. These results demonstrate that catfish stomachs can serve as a potential halal-compatible pepsin source, supporting enzymology advancement and fish waste valorization. Show less...

Catfish stomach Pepsin enzyme Crude pepsin extract Enzyme characterization Fish by-products Halal enzyme source Fish waste valorization Enzymatic activity Optimum temperature Optimum pH Metal ion effect Clarias sp. Protease enzyme Pepsinogen activation Aquatic enzymology

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Muh Yusril AL Tulus, Diana Maulianawati. Assessment of Water Quality Parameters in Penaeus monodon Culture Ponds: Implications for Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture. Aquatic Life Sciences. 2025; 2(2):64-69.

Abstract: Shrimp aquaculture depends on stable water quality, but fluctuations often reduce growth and survival, making optimal conditions essential for sustainable Penaeus monodon culture. This study aimed to evaluate key water quality parameters in two shrimp ponds and assess their suitability against estab Show more...

Abstract: Shrimp aquaculture depends on stable water quality, but fluctuations often reduce growth and survival, making optimal conditions essential for sustainable Penaeus monodon culture. This study aimed to evaluate key water quality parameters in two shrimp ponds and assess their suitability against established aquaculture standards. Field measurements and laboratory analyses were conducted over ten weeks across three sampling stations in each pond. Parameters measured included pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, and water hardness. Results showed that pH ranged from 7.29–7.80, temperature from 31.40–32.00 °C, salinity from 17.30–17.88 ppt, and DO from 5.29–5.87 mg/L, all within acceptable limits (SNI 8038.1:2014). Nutrient concentrations varied, with nitrate (0–0.4 mg/L), nitrite (0–0.4 mg/L), ammonia (0.1–0.4 mg/L), and phosphate (0–0.5 mg/L), where ammonia occasionally exceeded the safe threshold of 0.1 mg/L. Water hardness ranged from 0.17–0.43 mg/L CaCO₃, below the reference limit of 100 mg/L CaCO₃. Overall, the ponds provided suitable conditions for shrimp growth, but elevated nutrient levels at certain periods indicate the need for improved feed and waste management. Maintaining balanced water quality is essential to optimizing shrimp health, enhancing productivity, and ensuring the sustainability of aquaculture practices. Show less...

Penaeus monodon Shrimp aquaculture Water quality

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Zahrina Hibatul Azizah. Therapeutic Efficacy of Crinum Asiaticum Leaf Extract Against Aeromonas Hydrophila Infection in Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.). Aquatic Life Sciences. 2025; 2(2):70-77.

Abstract: Bacterial infections caused by Aeromonas hydrophila are a major problem in freshwater aquaculture, often leading to high mortality and economic losses. Plant-based alternatives are needed to reduce dependence on synthetic antibiotics and mitigate antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated the th Show more...

Abstract: Bacterial infections caused by Aeromonas hydrophila are a major problem in freshwater aquaculture, often leading to high mortality and economic losses. Plant-based alternatives are needed to reduce dependence on synthetic antibiotics and mitigate antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Crinum asiaticum leaf extract against A. hydrophila infection in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio; 7–9 cm, ±80 g). Fish were immersed in extract solutions at concentrations of 20 mL (P1), 40 mL (P2), and 60 mL (P3) per 36 L of water for a single 45-minute treatment. The experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and three replicates. Clinical signs, feeding response, startle reflex, survival rate, and water quality were monitored for 14 days. More than half of the infected fish developed dropsy, exophthalmia, and hemorrhages within 72 hours. Fish treated with 20 mL extract recovered fastest, achieving complete lesion resolution and a 90% survival rate. In contrast, P2 and P3 showed prolonged symptoms and only 10% survival, likely due to physiological stress and mild toxicity caused by higher concentrations that may irritate gill tissues. Water quality remained within optimal ranges throughout the trial. The superior therapeutic performance of the 20 mL concentration is likely attributable to the synergistic action of alkaloids and flavonoids at moderate levels, which enhance antimicrobial activity without inducing stress. These findings indicate that 20 mL is the most effective and safest concentration for immersion therapy, reinforcing the potential of C. asiaticum as a natural treatment for sustainable freshwater aquaculture. Show less...

Crinum asiaticum Aeromonas hydrophila Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

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