Muhamad Falih Bhahari

Acclimatization is a critical stage in the cultivation of Cavendish banana, particularly in the adaptation of tissue culture-derived seedlings to external environmental conditions. Essential micronutrients such as manganese play an important role in supporting this process. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of manganese fertilizer concentrations, types of fertilizers (Gandasil D and vitamin B₁), and their interactions on the acclimatization of Cavendish banana seedlings. The research was conducted at the In Vitro Culture Laboratory of KB TPH Salaman, Magelang Regency, at an altitude of 360 meters above sea level, from October to December 2021. A two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, with manganese concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 ppm) as the first factor, and types of fertilizers (control, Gandasil D only, and Gandasil D + vitamin B₁) as the second factor. The results showed that manganese concentration alone did not significantly affect plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, photosynthesis rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthetically active radiation, and total chlorophyll content. However, the interaction between manganese concentration and fertilizer type had a highly significant effect on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the chlorophyll a/b ratio. These findings highlight the importance of combining micronutrient application with appropriate fertilizer types to enhance the efficiency of Cavendish banana seedling acclimatization.

Crop Life

Satrio Jahbrob

The symbolic depth of traditional dances is increasingly threatened by modernization and cultural erosion, particularly in small indigenous communities such as Alor Kecil. This study addresses the problem of diminishing cultural meaning by exploring how symbolic interactions and song lyrics within the Lego-Lego dance reflect and sustain the cultural philosophy of Ite Kakang Aring, a local concept emphasizing unity, kinship, and collective responsibility among clans. Using ethnographic methods that include participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, the research analyzes ritual performances of Beku Hada (Juba Dodo) through symbolic interaction and interpretive analysis of lyrics. Findings show that ritual stages such as Geke Faking, Juba Dodo, and Tuho Muko act as social instruments reinforcing inter-clan cohesion. Song lines like “Rua kakang aring ari nolo nai apa nolo nai” and “Amang bapang tulung taling feking” articulate the principles of kinship and mutual support. The seven symbolic rotations in the dance correspond to the seven clans of Alor Kecil, encoding both sociopolitical structure and collective identity. The study concludes that the Lego-Lego dance functions as a living traditional practice that preserves cultural identity, promotes social harmony, and ensures intergenerational continuity.

Artistic Studies

Subba Tata Sape, Nataraj Dade, Sudhakara Rao Pola

Solanum nigrum L., a medicinally essential species of the family Solanaceae, was regenerated in vitro via high-frequency direct adventitious shoot induction from shoot tip explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) or thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.5–3.0 mg/L), singly or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5 mg/L), was evaluated for adventitious shoot induction. The highest regeneration efficiency, i.e., (98.5 ± 0.38% shoot induction; 142.2 ± 0.33 shoots per explant) was obtained on MS medium containing TDZ (2.0 mg/l) with IAA (0.5 mg/l). Rooting was optimized on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The best rhizogenesis of shoots was observed on MS medium supplemented with IBA (2.5 mg/L). The well-developed plantlets with healthy roots were successfully acclimatized and established in the field, achieving a 90% survival rate with no observable phenotypic variations. This efficient and reproducible protocol provides a valuable platform for genetic transformation and other biotechnological applications in the medicinal plant S. nigrum.

Crop Life

Annisa Maharani Wibowo, Yasmi Purnamasari Kuntana, Tanendri Arrizqiani, Ratu Safitri

Iron overload, often arising from repeated transfusions in thalassemia major, disrupts iron homeostasis and induces oxidative stress. Deferasirox is a widely used oral chelator, yet its effects on splenic iron-regulatory gene expression remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of deferasirox on ferritin heavy chain (Fth1), ferroportin (Slc40a1), and heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) expression in a rat model of splenic iron overload. Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 6 each): normal (N), iron dextran-induced overload without treatment (KN), and iron overload treated with deferasirox (KP). Gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR using the 2−ΔΔCT (Livak) method, with statistical analysis performed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Iron overload significantly upregulated Fth1 (2.26-fold) and Slc40a1 (1.72-fold) versus controls (p < 0.05). Deferasirox treatment reduced Fth1 (3.28-fold decrease) and Slc40a1 (1.15-fold reduction) relative to untreated overload, though not significantly (p > 0.05). In contrast, Hmox1 expression markedly increased (55.25-fold, p < 0.05) following deferasirox administration. These results indicate that deferasirox selectively modulates splenic iron-regulatory genes, suggesting both chelation and adaptive stress-response mechanisms, thereby supporting its therapeutic role in managing iron overload.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Indah Woro Utami, Sapri Sapri, Nishia Waya Meray, As'ari As'ari

Utilizing cover crops like Passiflora foetida L. (rambusa) can mitigate significant environmental issues in post-coal mining terrain rehabilitation. Plants thriving in extreme environments are known for producing high levels of secondary metabolites with significant biochemical activity. This study sought to assess the antifungal and antibacterial effects of P. foetida root extracts derived from rehabilitated coal mine soil in East Kalimantan. The roots were macerated with solvents of differing polarity (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) for extracting specific fractions. Utilizing the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, the antifungal efficacy was assessed against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida lipolytica at a 60% concentration. Conversely, the antibacterial efficacy was assessed against Shigella dysenteriae, Streptococcus mutans, and Cutibacterium acnes at a 10% concentration. The findings revealed that the fraction consisting of ethyl acetate demonstrated the most potent and extensive antibacterial efficacy. The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significant antifungal activity, particularly against C. tropicalis, with inhibitory zones that were similar to those of the positive control, fluconazole. The treatments exhibited significant differences, as confirmed by statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test). Studies indicate that that P. foetida roots, particularly those from harsh settings, are a significant source of antimicrobial chemicals, with the semi-polar ethyl acetate fraction being the most promising for further development as a natural antibacterial and antifungal agent.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Nurul Farida, Zuhairi Zuhairi

The weakening of character education in contemporary settings has prompted a renewed search for pedagogical models rooted in divine guidance. Amid the growing need for values-based child development, the Qur’an offers comprehensive educational principles often underutilized in modern practice. This study explores Qur’anic methods of Islamic child education, focusing on Surah Al-Ahzab and Surah Luqman, using qualitative content analysis through library research. The analysis identified four core educational methods: exemplary conduct (uswah ḥasanah, QS. 33:21), wise counsel (mau‘izhah ḥasanah, QS. 31:13–15), constructive dialogue (mujādalah, QS. 16:125), and measured discipline (al-‘iqāb, QS. 16:126). These methods were examined through classical and contemporary tafsir, including works by Quraish Shihab, Hamka, and Ibn Kathir. The findings show that each approach plays a distinct role in moral and spiritual formation, where advice and role modeling are primary, and discipline is reserved as a last resort. This study concludes that Qur’anic pedagogical models offer a holistic and ethical foundation for Islamic child education and are highly relevant to modern educational challenges. Furthermore, the findings contribute to the development of early childhood education knowledge by highlighting the importance of integrating spiritual values, ethical guidance, and character formation into early learning frameworks, ensuring a balanced growth of cognitive, emotional, and moral dimensions.

Education and Learning

Muhammad Rifaldi, Apri Siswanto

The growing demand for smart home automation calls for affordable, efficient, and user-friendly systems that reduce energy consumption and enhance remote accessibility. This study presents the development and evaluation of a voice-controlled smart home prototype utilizing NodeMCU and IoT technologies. The system integrates Google Assistant, IFTTT, and Adafruit IO to process voice commands, support real-time monitoring, and enable cloud-based control of household devices. A prototyping method was applied, focusing on controlling an LED lamp and a 12V DC fan. Black-box testing was conducted using six voice profiles and a total of 60 command scenarios under both stable and unstable network conditions. Results indicated a 93.3% accuracy with stable internet and 86.7% under weak signals. The system achieved average response times of 1.8 seconds (stable) and 3.4 seconds (unstable), operating without critical failures. However, performance was influenced by internet quality and third-party dependencies. Unlike previous studies that relied solely on single-platform control, this research highlights a low-cost, multi-service integration approach for smart home automation, addressing the gap between affordability and real-time cloud-based functionality. The prototype demonstrates the feasibility of accessible voice-activated automation and lays the foundation for future offline-capable smart systems.

Digital System and Computing

Made Anindya Ayu Dyavaprathivi, Yustrida Maisa, Ni Made Dwi Sandhiutami

Hair loss affects a substantial portion of the global population, regardless of age or gender. One effective strategy to address this problem is the use of hair tonics that stimulate hair follicle activity and promote hair growth. This study developed an innovative cosmeceutical nanoparticle-based hair tonic combining Nilam and Mulberry leaf extracts, termed nanoNilamBerry. The formulation was prepared using the ionic gelation method and evaluated on rabbits over 28 days by assessing hair length, growth rate, and hair weight. The nanoNilamBerry formulation fulfilled the physicochemical requirements of a nanoparticle system and demonstrated good stability at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C for up to 28 days. In antibacterial assays against Staphylococcus epidermidis, the Nilam–Mulberry extract produced an inhibition zone of 16.36 ± 0.35 mm, while nanoNilamBerry exhibited a larger zone of 18.4 ± 0.30 mm. The hair tonic formulation showed no signs of skin irritation. The nanoNilamBerry treatment resulted in a hair growth rate of 0.13 ± 0.03 cm/day and a final hair weight of 32.36 mg, compared to 0.09 ± 0.01 cm/day and 27.3 ± 0.31 mg for the simple Nilam–Mulberry extract. Overall, the nanoNilamBerry hair tonic demonstrated superior efficacy, promoting hair growth 3.04 times faster than the untreated control and 1.45 times faster than the non-nano extract combination. These findings indicate that nanoNilamBerry not only provides effective antibacterial protection but also significantly enhances hair follicle stimulation and growth performance.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Faiqotul Himmah, Dwi Masdi Widada

This study investigates the use of the acrostic technique to support fourth-grade students at MI Almaarif 08 Watugede Singosari in writing creative poetry. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were obtained through interviews, classroom observations, and analysis of student poems. A descriptive rubric assessed three aspects: structural accuracy, lexical richness, and thematic coherence. Results showed that about 80% of students successfully applied the acrostic structure, 70% improved vocabulary use, and roughly half maintained thematic unity. Two-thirds refined their poems through revision, showing growing awareness of diction and rhythm. The technique effectively increased motivation and guided creativity, though challenges persisted in sustaining coherence and depth. As the study involved only 25 students from one school, findings are context-specific rather than generalizable. Future research should examine broader applications of the acrostic method, including its integration with digital and collaborative learning to enhance young learners’ fluency and expressive writing.

Education and Learning

Lailatul Maulida

Public institutions increasingly depend on IT assets to sustain essential operations, yet many still lack structured risk management frameworks. At TVRI East Java, the absence of a dedicated IT division underscores the need to evaluate asset vulnerabilities and threat exposures systematically. This study identifies and prioritizes critical IT assets and their associated risks using the Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) method. Data were gathered through interviews, document analysis, and expert validation. Thirteen IT assets were assessed against fifteen potential threats, and quantitative metrics such as Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) and Annualized Loss Expectancy (ALE) were used to estimate financial impacts. The analysis showed that personal computers are the most critical assets, primarily threatened by computer viruses, while minor peripherals pose minimal risk. Expert verification confirmed that the findings reflect real operational conditions. However, the study’s scope was limited by the reliance on a single expert for data validation, which may constrain the broader applicability of the findings. The results provide a structured basis for risk mitigation strategies and can guide similar institutions in strengthening IT asset management.

Digital System and Computing