Ridho Hidayat, Jamil Jamil

Gender-biased interpretations of nusyuz in Islamic family law have long positioned wives as the primary subjects of marital disobedience, while male neglect of marital obligations remains under-recognized, resulting in weak protection of wives’ rights. This issue is particularly significant in the Indonesian context, where normative Islamic principles of reciprocity are not consistently reflected in legal interpretation and judicial practice. This study aims to examine the concept of male nusyuz and its implications for gender justice within Islamic family law. Using a qualitative juridical-normative and socio-religious approach, the study analyzes 12 normative sources, including Qur’anic verses, Prophetic traditions, classical and contemporary fiqh literature, and Indonesian family law regulations, particularly the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). The analysis employs a doctrinal approach guided by a gender-justice framework based on reciprocity (mubādalah). The four categories of male nusyuz—neglect of financial maintenance, emotional abandonment, abusive conduct, and failure of responsible leadership—were derived through thematic classification and doctrinal synthesis of Islamic legal texts. The findings indicate that while Islamic normative sources doctrinally recognize reciprocal marital obligations, their application in legal interpretation and judicial practice tends to emphasize wives’ nusyuz, with male misconduct often addressed through alternative legal categories. This study contributes to Islamic legal scholarship by offering a systematic doctrinal reinterpretation of nusyuz that incorporates male accountability within a unified framework. It also highlights the need to strengthen gender-just interpretations in Indonesian legal practice, particularly in judicial reasoning, to ensure more equitable protection of spouses’ rights.

Unity Lens

Adelia Clarissa, Anugrah Adiwilaga, Deden Pradeka

Saving behavior plays an important role in supporting early financial literacy and responsible financial management. However, conventional piggy banks still have limitations in transaction transparency, security, and real-time monitoring capabilities. This study aimed to develop and conduct prototype-level validation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart piggy bank integrated with computer vision technology for automatic currency denomination detection. The study employed a Design and Development (D& D) approach combined with the Artificial Intelligence Life Cycle (AILC) for object detection model development and the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) for web-based monitoring system development. The dataset consisted of 9, 000 annotated images of Indonesian Rupiah banknotes and coins categorized into nine denomination classes under varying lighting and object orientation conditions. During training and validation, the YOLOv8 nano model achieved an mAP50 value of 0.995 under controlled conditions. However, real-world prototype testing produced an average operational accuracy of 62.2%. This performance degradation is primarily attributed to specular reflections on coin surfaces and edge-hardware-induced latency which compromised real-world inference stability. The main technical contribution of this work lies in quantifying this model-to-edge hardware performance gap, providing an empirical baseline for lightweight computer vision deployment on low-resource microcomputing nodes. These findings indicate a performance gap between controlled and real-world conditions. Overall, the findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating lightweight computer vision and IoT technologies into an embedded smart saving prototype, although further optimization is required to improve operational robustness and detection stability in real-world environments.

Digital System and Computing

Aindana Sulva

Physics learning on sound waves is often overly theoretical, hindering students' conceptual connection to real-world phenomena. This study explores the potential of the traditional rebana as a culturally relevant science learning resource to bridge this gap. Using an exploratory qualitative design, acoustic properties of the rebana were analyzed via the Phyphox application and interpreted through the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model. Results confirm that the rebana effectively demonstrates core sound wave concepts—timbre, amplitude, frequency, and resonance—with physical structure and vibration energy directly dictating its acoustic output. Baseline acoustic data (145–1251 Hz; 87–89 dB) support the observable variations in amplitude and resonance found in this study. Furthermore, teacher feedback highlights that unlike conventional textbook-based instruction, the rebana provides tangible demonstrations of vibration and pitch, significantly enhancing student engagement. Consequently, the rebana serves as a scientifically measurable and contextually rich tool that integrates local wisdom into modern physics education, fostering meaningful learning experiences.

Artistic Studies

Aldhy Abdullah, Ria Warda Mappile, Subhan Subhan

Marginalization and assimilation policies in Southern Thailand have weakened the transmission of Islamic knowledge and Malay-Muslim identity, creating an urgent need for culturally responsive educational alternatives. This study analyzes the role of Tadika Nadwatul Islammiah Dala—a community-based Islamic kindergarten in Pattani, Southern Thailand—in sustaining religious values, cultural identity, and social cohesion within marginalized Malay-Muslim communities. We employed a qualitative case study design incorporating targeted ethnographic techniques, involving 28 participants (10 students, 6 teachers, 8 parents, and 4 community leaders) selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected over a three-week period (1-20 August 2024) through participant observation (4-6 hours daily), in-depth interviews (45-90 minutes), and document analysis, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings reveal that Tadika plays a multidimensional role as a center for religious education, cultural transmission, identity preservation, and community support. It significantly improves children’s religious literacy, strengthens social solidarity, and provides an affordable educational alternative for low-income families. However, Tadika faces persistent challenges, including limited government support, inadequate facilities, and socio-political pressures affecting Muslim minorities. Despite these constraints, Tadika remains a resilient and strategic institution in preserving Islamic values and Malay cultural identity. In conclusion, Tadika serves not only as an educational space but also as a critical mechanism for cultural resilience and identity formation in marginalized Muslim communities.

Unity Lens

Sulistiyaningsih Sulistiyaningsih, Tri Diana Puspita Rini, Indiana Gita Anggraeni

Nicotine addiction remains a major global health problem that necessitates the development of safe and effective supportive therapies. This study aimed to characterize the metabolite profiles of lemon essential oil (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. ) and 96% ethanol extract of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and to explore their potential mechanisms in nicotine addiction management through a literature-based mechanism mapping approach. Compounds were identified based on retention time, mass spectrum matching, and relative peak area percentages. GC-MS analysis showed that lemon essential oil was predominantly composed of D-limonene (58.72%), followed by β-pinene (13.82%) and γ-terpinene (11.43%). Meanwhile, the 96% ethanol extract of mango leaves was dominated by methyl gallate (27.61%), along with several phenolic compounds and triterpenoids, including vitamin E and lupeol. The identified metabolites suggest distinct but potentially complementary biological activities. Lemon essential oil may exert supportive effects through neuromodulatory pathways, whereas mango leaf extract may contribute through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These findings indicate that both natural products possess potential complementary roles as supportive agents in nicotine addiction management. However, further biological and clinical studies are required to validate their efficacy and safety.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Sayyidina Abdul Qabidhi RA, Tjipto Leksono, Noor Ira Sari

Mangrove snail shells (Telescopium sp.) contain chitin that has the potential to be processed into chitosan, a natural active compound useful in cosmetics, particularly as a moisturizer and protector against ultraviolet radiation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying chitosan solution concentrations on the physicochemical characteristics and sun protection factor (SPF) values of facial moisturizer cream preparations. The method used was an experiment with a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of three treatments: 0% (K0), 3% (K3), and 7% (K7). Tests conducted included chitosan quality (yield, degree of deacetylation, water content, ash content, nitrogen content) and cream characteristics (organoleptic, emulsion type, adhesiveness, spreadability, viscosity, pH, and SPF). The results showed that chitosan was of good quality with a yield of 9.54%, a degree of deacetylation of 67%, and a nitrogen content of 4.81%. The cream preparation with the addition of 7% chitosan solution (K7) showed the best quality, reviewed from the homogeneous color, neutral aroma, semi-solid consistency, as well as optimal physical characteristics, adhesive power (6.45 seconds), viscosity (45787.97 cps), and SPF value of (6.46). All quantitative data were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) to determine significant differences among treatments. The obtained SPF value indicates that chitosan derived from mangrove snail shells has potential as a natural active ingredient in moderate-level sunscreen moisturizing formulations, supporting the development of sustainable cosmetic products.

Aquatic Functional Products

Ayu Lestari, Sugiyarto Sugiyarto, Wike Oktasari

Soil salinity severely restricts rice establishment by impairing seed germination and early seedling growth. Seed priming with antioxidant-rich natural extracts is a low-cost approach to improve seed performance under saline conditions, although the optimal priming duration and the role of aeration remain poorly understood. This laboratory-based study was conducted from June to September 2021 at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tidar, Indonesia, to evaluate the effects of priming duration (6, 12, 18, and 24 h) and aeration (with and without) using 50% red guava (Psidium guajava L.) extract on the viability and vigor of rice cv. Pepe under salinity stress (6 g L⁻¹ NaCl). Each treatment was replicated four times using 100 seeds per replication. A factorial completely randomized design was employed, and data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by LSD tests. Results showed that priming duration significantly affected seed vigor index, root length, and plumule length. Seeds primed for 18 h produced the highest vigor index (74.38%) and showed improved seedling growth compared to other treatments. Aeration showed a significant effect on root length, while showing no significant effect on other observed parameters. No significant interaction between priming duration and aeration was observed. These findings indicate that 18 h priming with red guava extract improved several early seedling performance traits under controlled laboratory salinity conditions. Further studies under field environments are necessary to validate its practical applicability in saline-prone rice cultivation systems.

Crop Life

Nur Lailatul Afiyah

This study analyzes the community empowerment process and its impact on welfare through the Argo Mulyo Parijotho Syrup Home Industry in Colo Village, Kudus. Employing a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving the business owner, employees, farmers, and traders. The results indicate that the empowerment process occurs in three stages: awareness, capacity building, and independence. Utilizing Parijotho fruit provides economic value-added, enhances skills, and strengthens social participation. The impact of this empowerment is reflected in increased income, job creation, and market certainty for farmers. Nevertheless, the program still faces constraints regarding business scale, marketing, and the level of community independence. Therefore, sustained support—through management training, access to capital, product innovation, and the strengthening of marketing networks—is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of this local potential-based empowerment program.

Kolaborasi Masyarakat

Arti Juwita

Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in skin aging and UV-induced damage. Natural plant-based antioxidants, such as those found in avocado (Persea americana) and green tea (Camellia sinensis), are increasingly studied for incorporation into topical cosmetic formulations. However, their combined use and comparative antioxidant evaluation in cream matrices remain insufficiently explored. Four cream formulations (F1–F4) with increasing concentrations of avocado extract (EDA) and green tea extract (EDT) were prepared using an oil-in-water emulsification method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically using three assays: DPPH (radical scavenging), FRAP (ferric reducing power), and ABTS (total antioxidant capacity). In the DPPH assay, formulation F2 showed the lowest IC50 value (336.34 ± 13.34 µg/mL), indicating the highest radical scavenging activity, while DPPH results did not follow a consistent concentration-dependent trend. In contrast, FRAP and ABTS assays demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship, with F4 showing the highest antioxidant capacity (522.08 ± 14.08 µmol Fe²⁺/g and 599.64 ± 8.94 mM TE/g, respectively). The combination of avocado and green tea extracts contributes to measurable antioxidant activity in cream formulations. These preliminary findings support multi-assay evaluation as a more comprehensive approach to antioxidant characterization. Further studies including statistical analysis, single-extract controls, and stability evaluation are necessary to confirm interaction effects and optimize formulation performance.

Sciences of Phytochemistry

Tasya Aviani Popang, Supadiyanto Supadiyanto

Cyber sexual exploitation has emerged as a critical digital crime facilitated by anonymous platforms, yet structural media representations remain insufficiently examined. This study analyzes how the documentary Cyber Hell represents the mechanisms, actors, and cycle of cyber sexual exploitation, along with its broader social implications. Utilizing a qualitative visual and narrative analysis, this research examines 18 key scenes, two primary visual figures, and one exploitation cycle diagram. The analysis identifies six sequential stages of exploitation: social media contact, victim access, data theft, threats and extortion, sexual exploitation, and content distribution. Two major themes emerged: systematic digital control and investigative exposure. The findings portray exploitation as an organized, technology-facilitated, and coercive process, while highlighting investigative media as a critical tool for revealing hidden crimes. The documentary effectively visualizes complex digital violence, underscoring the urgent need for robust legal enforcement and media literacy. This study contributes empirical insights to communication scholarship and offers practical implications for policymakers, educators, and digital platforms to strengthen victim protection and enhance global awareness of technology-facilitated sexual violence.

Artistic Studies