Sayyidina Abdul Qabidhi RA, Tjipto Leksono, Noor Ira Sari

Mangrove snail shells (Telescopium sp.) contain chitin that has the potential to be processed into chitosan, a natural active compound useful in cosmetics, particularly as a moisturizer and protector against ultraviolet radiation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying chitosan solution concentrations on the physicochemical characteristics and sun protection factor (SPF) values of facial moisturizer cream preparations. The method used was an experiment with a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of three treatments: 0% (K0), 3% (K3), and 7% (K7). Tests conducted included chitosan quality (yield, degree of deacetylation, water content, ash content, nitrogen content) and cream characteristics (organoleptic, emulsion type, adhesiveness, spreadability, viscosity, pH, and SPF). The results showed that chitosan was of good quality with a yield of 9.54%, a degree of deacetylation of 67%, and a nitrogen content of 4.81%. The cream preparation with the addition of 7% chitosan solution (K7) showed the best quality, reviewed from the homogeneous color, neutral aroma, semi-solid consistency, as well as optimal physical characteristics, adhesive power (6.45 seconds), viscosity (45787.97 cps), and SPF value of (6.46). All quantitative data were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) to determine significant differences among treatments. The obtained SPF value indicates that chitosan derived from mangrove snail shells has potential as a natural active ingredient in moderate-level sunscreen moisturizing formulations, supporting the development of sustainable cosmetic products.

Aquatic Functional Products

Ayu Lestari, Sugiyarto Sugiyarto, Wike Oktasari

Soil salinity severely restricts rice establishment by impairing seed germination and early seedling growth. Seed priming with antioxidant-rich natural extracts is a low-cost approach to improve seed performance under saline conditions, although the optimal priming duration and the role of aeration remain poorly understood. This laboratory-based study was conducted from June to September 2021 at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tidar, Indonesia, to evaluate the effects of priming duration (6, 12, 18, and 24 h) and aeration (with and without) using 50% red guava (Psidium guajava L.) extract on the viability and vigor of rice cv. Pepe under salinity stress (6 g L⁻¹ NaCl). Each treatment was replicated four times using 100 seeds per replication. A factorial completely randomized design was employed, and data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by LSD tests. Results showed that priming duration significantly affected seed vigor index, root length, and plumule length. Seeds primed for 18 h produced the highest vigor index (74.38%) and showed improved seedling growth compared to other treatments. Aeration showed a significant effect on root length, while showing no significant effect on other observed parameters. No significant interaction between priming duration and aeration was observed. These findings indicate that 18 h priming with red guava extract improved several early seedling performance traits under controlled laboratory salinity conditions. Further studies under field environments are necessary to validate its practical applicability in saline-prone rice cultivation systems.

Crop Life

Nur Lailatul Afiyah

This study analyzes the community empowerment process and its impact on welfare through the Argo Mulyo Parijotho Syrup Home Industry in Colo Village, Kudus. Employing a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving the business owner, employees, farmers, and traders. The results indicate that the empowerment process occurs in three stages: awareness, capacity building, and independence. Utilizing Parijotho fruit provides economic value-added, enhances skills, and strengthens social participation. The impact of this empowerment is reflected in increased income, job creation, and market certainty for farmers. Nevertheless, the program still faces constraints regarding business scale, marketing, and the level of community independence. Therefore, sustained support—through management training, access to capital, product innovation, and the strengthening of marketing networks—is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of this local potential-based empowerment program.

Kolaborasi Masyarakat

Arti Juwita

Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a major role in skin aging and UV-induced damage. Natural plant-based antioxidants, such as those found in avocado (Persea americana) and green tea (Camellia sinensis), are increasingly studied for incorporation into topical cosmetic formulations. However, their combined use and comparative antioxidant evaluation in cream matrices remain insufficiently explored. Four cream formulations (F1–F4) with increasing concentrations of avocado extract (EDA) and green tea extract (EDT) were prepared using an oil-in-water emulsification method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically using three assays: DPPH (radical scavenging), FRAP (ferric reducing power), and ABTS (total antioxidant capacity). In the DPPH assay, formulation F2 showed the lowest IC50 value (336.34 ± 13.34 µg/mL), indicating the highest radical scavenging activity, while DPPH results did not follow a consistent concentration-dependent trend. In contrast, FRAP and ABTS assays demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship, with F4 showing the highest antioxidant capacity (522.08 ± 14.08 µmol Fe²⁺/g and 599.64 ± 8.94 mM TE/g, respectively). The combination of avocado and green tea extracts contributes to measurable antioxidant activity in cream formulations. These preliminary findings support multi-assay evaluation as a more comprehensive approach to antioxidant characterization. Further studies including statistical analysis, single-extract controls, and stability evaluation are necessary to confirm interaction effects and optimize formulation performance.

Sciences of Phytochemistry

Tasya Aviani Popang, Supadiyanto Supadiyanto

Cyber sexual exploitation has emerged as a critical digital crime facilitated by anonymous platforms, yet structural media representations remain insufficiently examined. This study analyzes how the documentary Cyber Hell represents the mechanisms, actors, and cycle of cyber sexual exploitation, along with its broader social implications. Utilizing a qualitative visual and narrative analysis, this research examines 18 key scenes, two primary visual figures, and one exploitation cycle diagram. The analysis identifies six sequential stages of exploitation: social media contact, victim access, data theft, threats and extortion, sexual exploitation, and content distribution. Two major themes emerged: systematic digital control and investigative exposure. The findings portray exploitation as an organized, technology-facilitated, and coercive process, while highlighting investigative media as a critical tool for revealing hidden crimes. The documentary effectively visualizes complex digital violence, underscoring the urgent need for robust legal enforcement and media literacy. This study contributes empirical insights to communication scholarship and offers practical implications for policymakers, educators, and digital platforms to strengthen victim protection and enhance global awareness of technology-facilitated sexual violence.

Artistic Studies

Habibah Habibah, Ali Hasan Siswanto

Persistent racial discrimination, school violence, and historical trauma remain important social issues in Indonesia and are often reinforced through everyday discourse and institutional silence. This study examines how these issues are represented in Pengepungan di Bukit Duri using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Employing a qualitative multimodal approach, the study analyzes 14 purposively selected scenes and 40 audience comments across Fairclough’s three dimensions: textual analysis, discursive practice, and social practice. The findings reveal four dominant discourses: racialized othering, normalized school violence, institutional failure, and intergenerational trauma. These discourses are constructed through the interaction of dialogue, visual representation, narrative structure, and cinematic techniques such as framing, camera positioning, spatial composition, and low-key lighting. The analysis further shows that educational institutions are portrayed as sites where violence and exclusion are reproduced through silence and inaction, while audience responses extend the film’s discourse into broader public discussions. The study contributes theoretically by demonstrating the applicability of Fairclough’s CDA to multimodal film analysis and by highlighting how cinematic discourse participates in the construction and contestation of social ideologies. More broadly, the findings underscore the value of cinema as a medium for examining issues of race, power, and social justice, contributing to wider debates in film studies, discourse analysis, and critical social research.

Artistic Studies

Leli Wulandari, Nur Syamsi Dhuha, Gemy Nastity Handayani

The authentication of lipid sources in cosmetic products is essential due to regulatory, ethical, and religious concerns, particularly regarding the potential presence of porcine-derived ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for differentiating lipid profiles in olive oil–based facial mask formulations. Reference lipids, including porcine fat and olive oil, as well as lipid extracts from five commercial cosmetic products, were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy within the mid-infrared region (4000–650 cm⁻¹). Characteristic absorption bands corresponding to triglyceride structures were observed in all samples, while differences between lipid sources were primarily identified within the fingerprint region (1500–1000 cm⁻¹). PCA was applied to enhance spectral discrimination and revealed clear separation between porcine fat and olive oil along the principal components. Most cosmetic samples (HCN, LTL, NR, and QN) were positioned closer to the olive oil reference, whereas one sample (MDG) showed spectral proximity to porcine fat. However, these results reflect spectral similarity rather than definitive confirmation of lipid origin. The findings indicate that FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis can provide a rapid and non-destructive approach for preliminary screening of lipid sources in cosmetic matrices. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of samples and the complexity of cosmetic formulations, further studies incorporating broader sample sets and confirmatory analytical methods are required to support its application in halal authentication and quality control.

Halal Science

Ahmad Riski, Fauzan Fauzan, Zulmardi Zulmardi

Tropical reptile diversity is increasingly threatened by habitat degradation and anthropogenic disturbance, while baseline ecological data in many protected forests of West Sumatra remain limited. This study aimed to document reptile diversity and habitat distribution in the Nagari Simancuang Protected Forest, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Reptile surveys were conducted from September to October 2023 using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method combined with line transect sampling in terrestrial and aquatic habitats during daytime and nighttime observations. A total of 56 individuals representing 13 species from 7 families were recorded, with Colubridae as the dominant family. The overall Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') indicated moderate diversity (H' = 2.44), while terrestrial habitats showed higher diversity values than aquatic habitats. The Evenness Index (E = 1.0) suggested relatively even distribution among recorded species. Differences in species composition between habitat types were reflected by a low Sorensen Similarity Index (IS = 14%), indicating variation in habitat use and microhabitat characteristics among reptile species. The presence of endemic species such as Trimeresurus parias sumatranus highlights the ecological importance of the Nagari Simancuang Protected Forest for reptile conservation in West Sumatra. These findings provide baseline information that may support future ecological monitoring and conservation management within the protected forest area.

Tropical Animals

Erwin Ahmadi, Abdul Choliq, Ariana Suryorini

Halal tourism development in Indonesia has strong economic potential; however, its implementation remains uneven across regions due to fragmented governance and limited stakeholder integration. This study aims to analyze halal tourism development in Semarang City by examining institutional roles, supporting and inhibiting factors, and implementation mechanisms. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied using purposive sampling, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The findings, derived from interviews with government officials, tourism stakeholders, and field observations of tourism services, show that halal tourism development in Semarang is supported by inter-agency collaboration, cross-sectoral coordination, and digital promotion strategies. Field evidence indicates that coordination between tourism and food-related agencies plays a key role in accelerating SME halal certification support, while tourism sites have gradually integrated Muslim-friendly services such as prayer facilities and halal food information systems. However, challenges remain, particularly related to differing perceptions of halal tourism among industry actors, uneven institutional coordination, and limited human resource capacity. These findings highlight that implementation gaps are not only structural but also shaped by stakeholder understanding and operational readiness at the local level. In addition, SME halal certification support and the strengthening of halal value chains remain important determinants of tourism performance in the city. The study contributes to halal tourism governance literature by emphasizing the role of micro-level coordination and stakeholder perception in shaping policy implementation outcomes, while practically suggesting stronger inter-agency coordination, clearer communication of halal tourism concepts, and targeted capacity-building programs for tourism actors.

Halal Science

Nethania Eka Christiani, Muntikah Muntikah

Iron deficiency anemia remains a critical global health challenge, disproportionately affecting up to 32% of adolescent girls in developing regions due to inadequate micronutrient intake. Traditional processed fish products, such as otak-otak, offer a familiar vehicle for nutrient fortification, yet their potential to deliver therapeutic levels of heme iron remains largely underutilized. This study demonstrates a novel fortification strategy by substituting Pangasius sp. fish meat with dried rebon shrimp (Mysis relicta) to optimize iron density and sensory appeal. Using a completely randomized design across three substitution levels (10 g, 15 g, and 20 g), we systematically evaluated organoleptic profiles and nutritional compositions. We find that the 15% substitution formula (T2) achieves a superior balance between nutritional efficacy and consumer acceptance, and is projected to contain a significant iron content of 3.8 mg per 100 g serving—representing approximately 25% of the daily iron requirement for adolescent girls—while maintaining a desirable savory flavor and "rather chewy" texture. These results indicate that M. relicta serves as a natural fortificant that increases the iron content and functional value of indigenous food products. Our findings provide a scalable, food-based intervention to mitigate iron deficiency, suggesting that bio-fortified traditional snacks can contribute to public health nutrition strategies for vulnerable populations.

Aquatic Functional Products