Al Fira Elisa Aziz, Muhammad Arif Furqon

This study examines the relationship between psychological capital and role clarity with work engagement among staff at the Global English Educational Institution. Grounded in the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) framework, psychological capital is conceptualized as a personal resource comprising self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience, while role clarity represents a job resource reflecting employees’ understanding of responsibilities and expectations. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, involving 77 staff members, including teaching and administrative personnel, using a total sampling approach. Data were collected through standardized self-report questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that psychological capital and role clarity are both significantly associated with work engagement (p < 0.05). Psychological capital demonstrated a stronger statistical contribution compared to role clarity. Simultaneously, both variables explained 43.9% of the variance in work engagement, indicating a moderate level of explanatory power. These results suggest that both personal and job resources are relevant factors linked to employees’ engagement levels. However, given the cross-sectional design and reliance on self-report data, the findings should be interpreted as correlational rather than causal. The study is also limited to a single institutional context, which may restrict generalizability. Overall, this study provides empirical support for the JD-R framework within an educational service setting and highlights the potential relevance of strengthening psychological capital and clarifying work roles, while emphasizing the need for further longitudinal and multi-context research.

Human Psychology & Behavior

Lia Puspitasari, Rizky Dwi Larasati, Zahra Ayu Maharani

Chemometrics is essential in modern pharmaceutical development for enhancing analysis and quality control. Despite its importance, the evolutionary trajectory and thematic shifts of chemometrics within pharmaceutical formulation have not been comprehensively synthesized. This study aims to explore publication trends, scientific collaborations, and keywords in research related to the application of chemometrics to pharmaceutical formulations, using a bibliometric approach. Data were retrieved from Scopus (2005–2025) using a structured search strategy focusing on "pharmaceutical formulation", "drug formulation", and "pharmaceutical development". The search was limited to English-language original articles or reviews. Bibliometric mapping was performed using VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix R-package, applying a minimum keyword occurrence of 5, full counting method, and association strength normalization. A total of 516 documents were identified. Publications have increased significantly in the last decade, with research articles being the dominant document type. Egypt and the United States are the countries with the highest contribution and citation impact. The Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis is ranked highest in terms of the number of publications and influence. Khan, Mansoor A., is the most productive author, while the Faculty of Pharmacy at Cairo University and the FDA are the most productive organizations. Keyword analysis revealed various main themes and a division into seven clusters, highlighting an evolutionary shift from traditional analysis toward Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and Quality by Design (QbD). These findings highlight the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration and the potential for further exploration of novel approaches in pharmaceutical product development.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Alif Nahdatul Akbar, Ahmad Syahid, Darmawansyah Darmawansyah

The rapid shift toward digitally mediated learning environments poses significant challenges for Islamic Religious Education (PAI), particularly in maintaining learning quality while adapting to technological demands. This study examines the use of technology in PAI learning and identifies supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation at SMP Negeri 2 Palu. A qualitative descriptive case study design was employed over a period of two months (July-August 2026). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant classroom observations, and document analysis involving several participants, consisting of one school principal, one PAI teacher, and three Grade IX students selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach with triangulation to ensure credibility. The findings show that technology is integrated into PAI learning through a blended learning model combining asynchronous communication via WhatsApp and synchronous platforms such as YouTube, Google Meet, and Zoom. The results indicate perceived improvements in student engagement, participation, and classroom responsiveness, as identified from participant perspectives and classroom observation themes rather than measurable academic outcomes. These changes are reflected in more active student interaction and attentiveness during learning activities. Nevertheless, several challenges persist, including limited teacher digital competence, unstable internet connectivity, and infrastructure constraints. Mitigation efforts include continuous teacher training and gradual improvement of school facilities. In conclusion, technology integration contributes positively to PAI learning quality in this context, although its sustainability depends on teacher professional development, leadership support, adequate infrastructure, and ongoing instructional evaluation to ensure long-term effectiveness.

Education and Learning

Aris Jumadil, Sitti Aisya, Ferdiawan Ferdiawan

Intensive vannamei shrimp aquaculture significantly contributes to regional economies but may simultaneously generate environmental degradation and limited community integration, threatening long-term business sustainability. Strengthening sustainability-based management is therefore essential to maintain ecological balance and competitive performance within coastal aquaculture industries. This study aimed to analyze how integrated sustainability practices contribute to competitive advantage at PT Graha Tambak Pinotu, Central Sulawesi. A qualitative descriptive case-study approach was employed between May and July 2025 through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis involving four stakeholder groups: company management, operational employees, local community representatives, and village authorities. Data were analyzed using thematic coding based on economic, social, environmental, and strategic sustainability dimensions. The findings demonstrate that the company institutionalizes sustainability practices across operational activities. Economically, production stability is supported through certified shrimp seed, controlled feed management, and digital water-quality monitoring systems, while feed costs remained within the estimated industry range of 50–70% of operational expenditure. Socially, the company employs more than 300 local workers and provides technical training in Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP), contributing to local income stability and workforce capacity development. Environmentally, wastewater is treated through sedimentation ponds, probiotic-based pond management reduces chemical dependency, and routine monitoring of temperature, pH, salinity, and ammonia concentration supports environmental stability. Expansion into national and export markets further strengthens business resilience and competitiveness. The study concludes that sustainability practices function as strategic resources that enhance operational efficiency, stakeholder legitimacy, and long-term competitive advantage within coastal aquaculture systems.

Sustainable Economy

Andi Ryan Kusuma, Nevandrie Rozan

The development of social media has brought significant changes to contemporary visual art practices, particularly in the formation of discussion spaces between artists and audiences within digital environments. This study aims to analyze the role of social media in shaping patterns of interaction, artwork distribution, and public participation within the contemporary visual art ecosystem. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through the analysis of digital interactions on platforms such as Instagram, Twitter/X, and virtual exhibition spaces including Google Arts and MoMA Online. Data were collected through observations of artwork posts, comment sections, online discussions, and forms of communication between artists and audiences related to appreciation, criticism, and responses to artworks. The analysis was conducted by identifying interaction patterns, forms of audience participation, and the dynamics of visual discourse developing on social media. The findings indicate that social media functions not only as a medium for artwork distribution but also as a more open, participatory, and interactive digital public space in the process of art appreciation and the negotiation of artistic meaning. Audience engagement through comments, content sharing, and online discussions also influences the creative process, artwork visibility, and the formation of artistic value. This study concludes that social media has reconstructed the relationship between artists and audiences through the creation of more democratic digital discussion spaces, although it also presents new challenges for contemporary visual art practices.

Artistic Studies

Syafira Andini Pandia, Wahyu Ario Pratomo

Rapid tourism development often generates environmental and socio-economic challenges, particularly in emerging destinations where governance and stakeholder coordination remain limited. In the Lake Toba area, concerns persist regarding the alignment of tourism growth with Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11). This study analyzes the influence of sustainable tourism, community participation, and non-state actor participation on SDG 11 achievement in Parapat City. A quantitative approach was employed using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Data were collected from 20 expert-based stakeholders selected through purposive sampling, including representatives from government, tourism businesses, NGOs, and academia. The measurement model demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability, with AVE values above 0.50 and composite reliability values exceeding 0.70. The findings show that sustainable tourism has a positive and significant effect on SDG 11 achievement (β = 0.264; t = 2.152; p = 0.031), while non-state actor participation demonstrates the strongest positive influence (β = 0.655; t = 3.318; p = 0.001). Community participation shows a positive but statistically insignificant effect (β = 0.061; t = 0.276; p = 0.782). The model explains 88.5% of the variance in SDG 11 achievement (R² = 0.885), although the findings should be interpreted as exploratory due to the limited sample size and localized study scope. The study highlights the importance of collaborative governance in sustainable tourism development, particularly through the active involvement of non-state actors, while indicating the need to strengthen the effectiveness of community participation in tourism planning and implementation.

Sustainable Economy

Hassan Sani, Uwaisu Nura Kani, Risikat Ogunkemi Agbekelyun, Abdullahi Ado Badamasi

The pursuit of safe, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic chemical indicators remains a central objective in green analytical chemistry. This study explored the potential of sunflower petal extract as a natural acid-base indicator to replace phenolphthalein. The plant pigment was obtained through cold maceration using methanol. Characterization of the extract yielded a recovery of 29%, a pH of 6.51, a maximum absorbance wavelength of 450 nm, and a melting point of 248–250 °C. The extract exhibited a transition from brown in acidic media to yellow in basic media. Its performance was evaluated against standard phenolphthalein across four titration types: strong acid versus strong base, strong acid versus weak base, weak acid versus strong base, and weak acid versus weak base. Mean titre values obtained using the sunflower extract were 25.65 ± 0.00, 8.65 ± 0.07, 16.16 ± 0.07, and 6.65 ± 0.00 mL, respectively, closely corresponding to phenolphthalein values of 26.65 ± 0.07, 8.65 ± 0.07, 16.05 ± 0.07, and 5.65 ± 0.07 mL. The maximum deviation was 1.00 mL, reflecting comparable accuracy and precision. The extract also demonstrated stability under varying temperature and light exposure conditions, supporting its suitability for routine laboratory use. The pigment responsible for the color transitions is presumed to belong to the flavonoid class, recognized for its pH-dependent sensitivity. These findings confirm that sunflower petal extract serves as an effective natural indicator and viable substitute for synthetic phenolphthalein in educational and analytical titrimetry applications in modern laboratory practice for broader sustainable chemistry implementation.

Sciences of Phytochemistry

Kristina Srirahayu Damaiyanti Putri, Juwita Rosalia Sintia Nabella, Nily Su’aida, Karina Erlianti

Cassia alata L. is a medicinal plant containing various secondary metabolites with reported neuroactive properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like behavioral effects of the ethanolic extract of C. alata leaves in mice using acute behavioral despair tests. Male mice (n = 5 per group) were orally administered ethanolic extract of C. alata leaves at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. A sub-acute stress exposure protocol using the Tail Suspension Test was applied, and antidepressant-like activity was subsequently evaluated using the Forced Swimming Test, with immobility time at T2 as the primary outcome measure. Amitriptyline served as the standard drug. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test (p < 0.05). Chemical profiling was performed using LC–MS/MS. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in immobility time among groups (F (4,20) = 21.465, p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis showed that all extract-treated groups exhibited significantly lower immobility times compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). The highest dose (400 mg/kgBW) was not significantly different from amitriptyline (p > 0.05), while lower doses showed intermediate effects. LC–MS/MS analysis tentatively identified 17 compounds, including flavonoid derivatives, luteolin, and anthraquinones. Under present experimental conditions, the ethanolic extract of C. alata leaves exhibited antidepressant-like behavioral activity in acute animal models. These findings are limited to short-term behavioral observations and do not establish clinical efficacy, safety, or underlying mechanisms. Further studies are required to clarify pharmacological relevance and translational potential of this extract for future preclinical and clinical investigations.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Tiara Pramuditya, Ilham Ilham

Industri rumahan mendukung perekonomian pedesaan melalui penciptaan lapangan kerja dan pertumbuhan pendapatan, namun penelitian mengenai perannya sebagai instrumen pemberdayaan masyarakat masih terbatas. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini menganalisis peran industri rumahan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat dan peningkatan pendapatan di Desa Rampoang, Kabupaten Luwu Utara. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi dari sembilan informan (tiga pemilik usaha dan enam pekerja), kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif (reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan terjadi melalui proses enabling, empowering, dan protecting, dengan pemilik usaha memainkan peran dominan dalam menyediakan lapangan kerja, pelatihan keterampilan, dan mengelola keberlanjutan. Selain itu, kualitas produk, kepercayaan pelanggan, dan permintaan pasar secara krusial memengaruhi keberlangsungan usaha dan pertumbuhan pendapatan. Oleh karena itu, industri rumahan tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai aktivitas ekonomi keluarga, tetapi juga sebagai alat pemberdayaan strategis berbasis potensi lokal. Penelitian ini menyoroti bahwa penerima manfaat utama adalah warga setempat yang sebelumnya memiliki keterbatasan akses terhadap pekerjaan dan pelatihan keterampilan. Pada akhirnya, keterlibatan dalam industri rumahan membantu mereka memperoleh pendapatan yang stabil dan memperkuat ketahanan ekonomi rumah tangga secara berkelanjutan.

Kolaborasi Masyarakat

Eling Diar Oktaviani

Adolescence is a critical developmental period in which emotional intelligence plays an important role in self-regulation, social adjustment, and academic functioning. Although parenting style is widely recognized as an important factor in emotional development, findings regarding authoritarian parenting remain inconsistent, particularly across cultural contexts. This study examined the predictive relationship between authoritarian parenting and adolescents’ emotional intelligence among ninth-grade students at SMPN 4 Purbalingga. A quantitative cross-sectional correlational design was employed involving 131 students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using validated self-report questionnaires and analyzed using simple linear regression. The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between authoritarian parenting and emotional intelligence (F = 57.064, p < 0.001). Authoritarian parenting explained 30.7% of the variance in emotional intelligence (R² = 0.307), indicating a moderate explanatory contribution. However, this relationship should be interpreted as context-dependent rather than causal, given the study design and the influence of unmeasured variables. These findings suggest that parenting practices are meaningfully associated with adolescents’ emotional development, while emotional intelligence is also shaped by broader individual and environmental factors such as peers, school context, and personal characteristics. The study contributes empirical evidence from an Indonesian junior high school setting and highlights the importance of integrating family- and school-based strategies to support adolescents’ socio-emotional development.

Human Psychology & Behavior