Indriyati Hadi Sulistyaningrum, Erki Arfianto, Kurnia Pasyah, Prasojo Pribadi, Seftika Sari

This cross-sectional study examined the association between knowledge and perception and telepharmacy utilization among pharmacy professional students in Central Java, Indonesia. A purposive sample (n = 219) completed a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test to assess associations between variables. The results showed that 75.8% of respondents had high knowledge and 96.8% had positive perceptions; however, only 36.1% reported telepharmacy utilization. A statistically significant association was found between knowledge and telepharmacy utilization (χ² = 5.62, p = 0.018, Cramer’s V = 0.16), indicating a small effect size. In contrast, perception was not significantly associated with telepharmacy utilization (p = 0.451). These findings suggest that knowledge may be related to telepharmacy utilization among students. However, due to the cross-sectional design, causal relationships cannot be established. Limitations of this study include non-probability sampling, self-reported data, and potential response bias. Further research with more robust designs is recommended.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Indri Maharini, Karen Putri Utami, Lilis Rachmawati, Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih, Puspa Dwi Pratiwi

The high prevalence of acne and increasing antibiotic resistance necessitate the development of sustainable antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. leaf extract as a natural bioreductant and stabilizer. The primary objective was to optimize the synthesis process and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the resulting nanoparticles specifically against Propionibacterium acnes. Physicochemical and structural characterization were performed using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to confirm the formation and stability of the nanoparticles. The results successfully demonstrated the synthesis of crystalline, nanoscale AgNPs with plant-derived functional groups facilitating their stabilization. Analytical data indicated a relatively uniform particle size distribution, spherical morphology, and favorable surface characteristics, suggesting high suitability for biomedical integration. Significantly, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity against P. acnes. The underlying mechanism of action is attributed to the disruption of bacterial cell membranes, induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and subsequent interference with vital cellular functions. Utilizing E. subumbrans extract offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis, reducing the reliance on toxic reagents. These findings highlight the significant potential of plant-mediated AgNPs as innovative antimicrobial agents for dermatological applications. This research provides a robust foundation for the advancement of nanotechnology-based topical treatments. Consequently, further investigation into pharmaceutical formulation development, comprehensive safety assessments, and clinical efficacy trials is highly recommended to establish E. subumbrans-mediated silver nanoparticles as viable therapeutic solutions for managing acne and other skin-related infections in the future.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Chimezie Alexdaniel Chukwuemeka, Chukwudi Jude Ofoegbu, Nnaemeka Promise Amadi

This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of the acetone extract of green coffee beans (Coffea excelsa) using in vitro assays. The extract was assessed for its ability to inhibit protein denaturation and stabilize biological membranes using heat-induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes as a model. The extract exhibited an overall increase in inhibitory effect across the tested concentrations in both assays. In the protein denaturation assay, percentage inhibition increased from 13.10% at 100 µg/mL to 70.45% at 1000 µg/mL, with an IC₅₀ value of 249.8 µg/mL. Similarly, in the membrane stabilization assay, inhibition ranged from 21.16% to 62.06% across the same concentration range, with an IC₅₀ value of 391.6 µg/mL. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test indicated that all tested concentrations produced significant effects compared to the control (p < 0.0001). IC₅₀ values were determined using nonlinear regression analysis (n = 3). Although the extract showed lower activity compared with acetylsalicylic acid, it demonstrated moderate anti-inflammatory activity. These effects may be associated with the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids; however, this cannot be confirmed since no phytochemical analysis was conducted in this study. Overall, these results indicate that the acetone extract of green coffee beans possesses measurable anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, suggesting that it may serve as a potential source of bioactive compounds for further investigation. Further studies, including phytochemical characterization and in vivo evaluations, are required to validate these findings.

Sciences of Phytochemistry

Oki Nugraha Putra, Sylvia Rizki Ramadhani, Yulistiani Yulistiani, Julaeha Julaeha, Affan Yuniar Nur Hidayatullah

The distribution of N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) genetic polymorphisms varies across ethnic groups among Indonesian TB patients. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of NAT2 genetic polymorphisms and their association with DILI and isoniazid pharmacokinetics in Indonesian TB patients. A scoping review was conducted by searching Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR). We retrieved 668 studies from three databases and we enrolled 12 studies for final analysis. Eleven studies reported on adult TB patients and one study on pediatric TB patients. Overall, the available evidence suggests that the slow acetylator phenotype is relatively common among TB patients in Indonesia, although its distribution varies across regions and ethnic groups. The NAT2*6 polymorphism was frequently observed among TB patients with a slow acetylator phenotype. TB patients with slow acetylation exhibited higher serum concentrations of isoniazid, which were significantly associated with an increased risk of DILI. No studies reported an association between NAT2 genetic polymorphisms or acetylation status and treatment outcomes among TB patients. This review confirms substantial variation in NAT2 genetic polymorphisms across studies in Indonesia. TB patients with a slow acetylator phenotype appear to have a greater risk of developing DILI compared with those with intermediate or fast acetylator phenotypes.  Information on acetylator status may identify patients at higher risk of hepatotoxicity, particularly those with the slow acetylator phenotype. Therefore, integrating NAT2 pharmacogenetics into clinical practice may predict hepatotoxicity and optimize tuberculosis therapy.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Courage Chandipwisa, Harrison Banda, Agness Shimilimo

Plant secondary metabolites are natural compounds with immunomodulatory and adjuvant properties that may complement conventional vaccines and support regionally relevant vaccine strategies in Africa. This structured narrative review analyzed English-language studies published between 2000 and 2025 from PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and EBSCOhost. Included publications comprised original research, systematic reviews, and clinical trials addressing mechanisms, formulation, safety, and clinical development. Evidence included in vitro studies, animal models, formulation research, and human investigations. Preclinical findings show that selected metabolites enhance antigen presentation, promote dendritic cell maturation, and strengthen humoral and cellular immune responses through modulation of key signaling pathways. Triterpenoid saponins from Quillaja saponaria have progressed into clinical adjuvant platforms, while polysaccharides from Moringa oleifera and flavonoids from Curcuma longa and Artemisia annua demonstrate immunostimulatory effects and improved antigen stability in preclinical models. Nanoencapsulation improves compound stability and delivery but lacks sufficient clinical validation. Clinical translation requires standardized phytochemical characterization, comprehensive safety evaluation, regulatory harmonization, validated manufacturing processes, and adequately powered clinical trials with defined immunological endpoints.

Sciences of Phytochemistry

Karl Cirilson Ellema Angulo

Coastal ecosystems support high levels of marine biodiversity and provide essential services, including shoreline protection, carbon sequestration, and fisheries production. Silot Bay, Liloan, Cebu, Philippines, is an ecologically and socio-economically important embayment; however, biodiversity assessments in the area remain sparse and temporally fragmented. This study presents a narrative review with structured literature search elements to synthesize available ecological studies on major taxonomic groups, including mangroves, fish, meiofauna, and algae, and to evaluate methodological consistency among studies retrieved from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Philippine E-Journals, and institutional repositories from local universities. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which were conducted prior to 2000, with post-2000 research limited to a single study on algal communities. Substantial variation in sampling methods, effort, spatial coverage, and taxonomic resolution constrains direct comparison across studies and limits interpretation of temporal patterns. Differences in reported species richness and community composition are evident across taxa; however, these patterns cannot be confidently attributed to ecological change due to methodological inconsistencies and limited data availability. The small number of studies and reliance on partially inaccessible historical data further restrict the establishment of a reliable biodiversity baseline for Silot Bay. Overall, this review highlights significant knowledge gaps and emphasizes the need for standardized, multi-taxa biodiversity assessments to support long-term monitoring and evidence-based coastal management.

Aquatic Life Sciences

Hafidh Akbar Dinhar, Ilyas Supena

Religious short films have increasingly become a powerful medium for conveying Islamic values in the modern digital era; however, their limited duration often challenges filmmakers in communicating complex spiritual concepts through concise visual storytelling. This study examines how specific cinematographic techniques are strategically utilized to represent the fundamental Islamic values of ikhtiar (earnest human effort) and tawakkal (absolute trust in God) within the short film Doa Suto. A qualitative content analysis approach was employed by examining selected scenes, lighting, and visual compositions throughout the film. The analysis was primarily guided by Mascelli’s Five C’s of cinematography camera angles, continuity, cutting, close-ups, and composition and further supported by the interactive data analysis model of Miles and Huberman to ensure rigorous interpretation. The findings indicate that ikhtiar is visually represented through focused close-up and medium-shot framing, precise continuity editing, and repetitive visual patterns that emphasize persistence, physical labor, and internal emotional struggle. In contrast, the concept of tawakkal is effectively conveyed through expansive wide shots, balanced symmetrical compositions, minimal camera movement, and extended shot durations that symbolize spiritual calmness, divine presence, and total surrender. These visual strategies demonstrate how cinematography functions not only as a narrative tool but also as a symbolic device in communicating deep religious meaning to a digital audience. This study contributes significantly to religious film and media studies by showing how cinematographic techniques operate as a specialized form of visual theology that successfully translates abstract Islamic spiritual values into tangible, evocative cinematic representation for contemporary viewers and filmmakers.

Artistic Studies

Andi Maulana Kamri, Ainun Maharani Ashar, Rizqi Nur Azizah

Hypertension poses a considerable health challenge in Indonesia, particularly in South Sulawesi, marked by elevated rates of medication non-adherence. Pharmacist-led home intervention models may serve as effective strategies for engaging disadvantaged populations, especially in regions with restricted healthcare access. This study seeks to investigate determinants influencing medication adherence in hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Mandai, Maros Regency, to inform the development of a pharmacist-led home care intervention model. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2025 with 35 participants, predominantly elderly women with limited educational attainment. Data were gathered through standardized questionnaires and analyzed descriptively and inferentially, incorporating forest plot visualization for odds ratios (OR). Research findings identified two primary drivers of adherence: belief in medication (OR=2.45) and information provided by pharmacists (OR=2.14). Current conditions reveal significant deficiencies 77.14% of patients lack sufficient information from pharmacists, and 51.42% do not comprehend the quality of medications utilized. These findings signify the necessity for shifting pharmaceutical services from reactive paradigms (awaiting patient visits) to proactive models (initiating patient engagement), exemplified by pharmacist-led home care, to address educational deficits and foster sustainable patient confidence. Augmenting pharmacist-led education and fostering patient trust in medicine are viable strategies to enhance adherence. These findings underscore the necessity for tailored interventions, such as home pharmacy care, to bridge knowledge gaps and strengthen pharmacists' roles in chronic disease management. Further research with larger samples is recommended to corroborate these trends.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Jade Kristelle E. Tagok, John Vincent M. Mission, Janel P. Anito, Jhon Dave S. Amoguis, Clinton D. Sequihod

This study assessed tree species composition and spatial distribution patterns within a 0.32-ha lowland dipterocarp forest in the Philippines. Eight 20 m × 20 m plots were established to document tree species meeting the minimum diameter criterion. Species richness, relative abundance, and selected structural attributes were calculated, and a chi-square test was applied to assess plot-level distribution patterns. A total of 14 tree species were recorded, including dipterocarps and other canopy-associated taxa, as well as shade-tolerant understory species and several light-demanding pioneer species. The presence of shade-tolerant families such as Fagaceae and Lauraceae indicates ongoing recruitment under closed-canopy conditions, while the occurrence of pioneer species suggests localized canopy openings within the sampled area. Distribution analysis showed that some species exhibited aggregated patterns, whereas others did not significantly deviate from random distribution. This indicates that certain species tend to cluster in areas with favorable environmental conditions or resources, while others are more evenly dispersed across the habitat. Given the limited sampling extent and number of plots, the findings are interpreted only at the scale of the study area and do not imply broader forest-level structural conditions. Although species richness was lower than typically reported for larger lowland dipterocarp forest inventories in the Philippines, the results provide preliminary insights into local stand composition and small-scale spatial structure.

Crop Life

Myrane Joy Liclican, Maria Angelica Ganuelas, Marc Jhon Laurence Castillo, Rica Natarte, Estella Cayabyab, Oscar Ancheta Jr.

Teaching is a vital part of attaining knowledge; however, academic recognition also contributes to the performance of a teacher. This study investigated the teaching effectiveness of Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) pre-service teachers, in relates to academic recognition.This study used a quantitative research design, specifically, descriptive-correlation research design. Respondents were 16 randomly selected from the population of 4th year BEEd students accommodating an equal number of with and without academic recognitions. Data were gathered through document analyzation of GPA scores and direct observation of teaching with a standardized evaluation form focused on essential teaching competencies.The study used an evaluation tool that measured the different domains of teaching effectiveness and descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square Test were used to test for the significance of academic status and teaching effectiveness. The result revealed that there is no connection between academic recognition and teaching effectiveness. This implies that simply academic recognition doesn’t affect the teaching effectiveness of BEEd pre-service teachers.

Education and Learning