Competing Interest
Competing interests, or conflicts of interest, arise when an author's affiliations or interests could potentially influence research outcomes or their interpretation. Authors should transparently disclose financial, non-financial, and intellectual relationships that may impact the study. These disclosures contribute to research credibility and reader evaluation.
Financial ties
Employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership, patents, or funding from for-profit entities.
Non-Financial ties
Political affiliations, academic competition, personal beliefs, or professional collaborations.
Intellectual & Legal
IP rights affected by publication or advisory roles for government agencies related to the research.
Management & Disclosure
For Authors
Declare all interests at submission via the online form. Describe the specific role of funders in the study design and publication process.