Suci Pratiwi, Teti Rostikawati

The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is critically endangered due to poaching and habitat loss, yet learning media based on authentic behavioral data are limited. This research and development study aimed to observe the behavior of captive Sumatran tigers and integrate the findings into a digital biology e-magazine. Observations were conducted at Ragunan Zoo, Jakarta, over 14 days (December 2023–January 2024), totaling 84 hours. The subjects were a 13-year-old male and a 15-year-old female tiger, observed using focal animal sampling and continuous recording during two daily sessions (08:00–12:00 and 13:00–15:00 WIB). Behaviors were categorized into resting, locomotion, social interaction, elimination, and other activities. Resting behavior dominated the activity budget of both tigers (male: 50.56%; female: 49.05%), which is typical for captive carnivores and influenced by enclosure conditions and daytime heat. Social interaction and elimination were the least frequently observed behaviors. The behavioral results were used to develop a digital e-magazine through analysis, design, validation, and revision stages. Product feasibility was evaluated using Likert-scale questionnaires completed by three expert validators and four senior high school biology teachers. The validation results indicated high feasibility, with expert and teacher scores of 93.3 percent and 85 percent, respectively, suggesting strong potential for classroom application. This study demonstrates that ex-situ behavioral data can be transformed into accessible digital learning media to support biodiversity education and conservation awareness aligned with SDG 15. Nevertheless, behavioral interpretations should be considered preliminary, as observations were limited to two captive individuals and learning outcomes were not assessed.

Tropical Animals

Okta Fina Arianti

Urbanization and habitat fragmentation threaten biodiversity and contribute to ecological imbalance, particularly in freshwater ecosystems. Dragonflies (Odonata), which are highly sensitive to environmental changes, serve as reliable indicators of aquatic ecosystem health. However, research on Odonata diversity in urban rivers remains limited, including in Surabaya. This study aims to determine dragonfly species diversity and identify habitat-related factors influencing their distribution along the Segara Kenjeran River. A quantitative ecological survey was conducted at three observation stations with differing habitat characteristics. Data were collected using the Visual Encounter Survey technique, enabling direct identification and counting of individuals in the field. Sampling took place from October to November 2022 under similar weather conditions to reduce environmental variability. The three stations were selected based on variations in vegetation structure, shading, canopy cover, and riverbank conditions. Station 3 exhibited the highest species diversity and abundance, while Station 1 had the lowest. Dominant species across all stations included Orthetrum sabina and Pantala flavescens, both known for broad ecological tolerance. Environmental measurements showed that dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were highest at Station 3, whereas biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was lowest, indicating better water quality. These results align with dragonfly preference for well-oxygenated habitats. Shannon Wiener diversity indices confirmed the observed patterns, highlighting more stable ecological conditions at Station 3. Overall, the Segara Kenjeran River supports moderate Odonata diversity, shaped by environmental factors such as DO levels, vegetation, and water flow. Continued monitoring is recommended to track ecological changes in this urban river system.

Tropical Animals

Lia Waroca, M. Nur

Eggplant production frequently faces constraints due to low soil fertility and improper nutrient management, resulting in suboptimal plant performance. This study investigated the effect of Takakura compost on the growth, flowering, and yield performance of four eggplant varieties (purple, green, white, and finger-shaped). The experiment was conducted using a factorial design with four compost doses (0, 190, 380, and 570 g/polybag) and analyzed through ANOVA followed by HSD at 5%, with three replications to ensure randomization validity. Compost application significantly improved plant height, flowering time, fruit set, and yield attributes; however, certain variables demonstrated non-significant varietal × compost interactions. The highest plant height (48.91 cm) and earliest flowering time (30 days) were recorded at 570 g/polybag in purple, green, and white varieties. Fruit set reached 86.33% in purple and white eggplants, and the highest fruit number was 13 fruits/plant with a corresponding fruit weight of 2065.67 g (82.6 t/ha). In contrast, finger-shaped eggplant produced lower yields across treatments. Overall, Takakura compost at 570 g/polybag enhanced eggplant growth and productivity, particularly in purple, white, and green varieties, while interaction variations among varieties should be taken into account.

Crop Life

Firda Aulia, Rismayanti Amir

This study examines the influence of the economic, social, and environmental pillars of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on poverty levels in Jeneponto Regency, Indonesia, where poverty remains a persistent development challenge despite ongoing policy interventions and gradual progress across several development indicators. This condition reflects structural constraints, unequal distribution of development benefits, and limited effectiveness of SDG-based programs in translating growth into welfare improvement. Therefore, the study aims to analyze whether growth in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Human Development Index (HDI), and Environmental Quality Index (EQI) significantly contributes to poverty reduction. Using secondary data from 2013 to 2021 and multiple linear regression analysis through SPSS 20, the results reveal that GRDP, HDI, and EQI each have no significant effect on poverty levels (p > 0.05). Simultaneously, the three variables explain only 54.50% of the variation in poverty, while the remaining 45.50% is influenced by other factors such as governance quality, infrastructure availability, and institutional capacity. Despite slight improvements in economic output, human development, and environmental quality, these advances have not yet translated into meaningful poverty alleviation. The findings underscore the necessity of inclusive, community-based, and equitable development strategies to ensure that progress across the SDG pillars contributes effectively to reducing poverty and promoting sustainable welfare in Jeneponto Regency.

Sustainable Economy

Astrid Indriana Hapsari

The small size of anchovy (Stolephorus spp) makes the fish easily torn and highly susceptible to quality deterioration, particularly when stored in fresh conditions. Moringa leaves (terrestrial product) and seaweed (marine product) were selected as immersion materials due to their natural bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants and antimicrobials, and to compare the most effective extract in maintaining fish freshness. The study aimed to analyze the effect of immersion duration and the effectiveness of the extracts. Immersion was conducted at room temperature for 4, 6, and 8 hours to determine the most effective duration in preserving fish quality. A concentration of 100% was applied to maximize the utilization of bioactive compounds. The experimental methodology compared anchovy samples treated with moringa leaf and seaweed extracts against untreated control samples, using a randomized block design (RBD) to minimize bias, with three replications to ensure reliability and statistical validity. Organoleptic evaluation indicated that the most effective immersion extracts were seaweed and moringa leaf extracts, with sensory scores of 8, characterized by clear eyes, red gills, transparent mucus, reddish flesh, fresh odor, and firm-elastic texture. The total microbial counts were 5.2 log CFU/g for seaweed extract and 5.32 log CFU/g for moringa leaf extract.

Aquatic Functional Products

Zahrina Hibatul Azizah

Bacterial infections caused by Aeromonas hydrophila are a major problem in freshwater aquaculture, often leading to high mortality and economic losses. Plant-based alternatives are needed to reduce dependence on synthetic antibiotics and mitigate antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of Crinum asiaticum leaf extract against A. hydrophila infection in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio; 7–9 cm, ±80 g). Fish were immersed in extract solutions at concentrations of 20 mL (P1), 40 mL (P2), and 60 mL (P3) per 36 L of water for a single 45-minute treatment. The experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and three replicates. Clinical signs, feeding response, startle reflex, survival rate, and water quality were monitored for 14 days. More than half of the infected fish developed dropsy, exophthalmia, and hemorrhages within 72 hours. Fish treated with 20 mL extract recovered fastest, achieving complete lesion resolution and a 90% survival rate. In contrast, P2 and P3 showed prolonged symptoms and only 10% survival, likely due to physiological stress and mild toxicity caused by higher concentrations that may irritate gill tissues. Water quality remained within optimal ranges throughout the trial. The superior therapeutic performance of the 20 mL concentration is likely attributable to the synergistic action of alkaloids and flavonoids at moderate levels, which enhance antimicrobial activity without inducing stress. These findings indicate that 20 mL is the most effective and safest concentration for immersion therapy, reinforcing the potential of C. asiaticum as a natural treatment for sustainable freshwater aquaculture.

Aquatic Life Sciences

Juliana Juliana, Arni Arni

Intercultural communication in multicultural societies is often assumed to foster mutual understanding and social integration through sustained interaction. However, empirical evidence suggests that coexistence does not always translate into deep intercultural engagement. This study examines intercultural communication practices in Desa Lilimori, a rural transmigration village in West Sulawesi characterized by ethnic and religious diversity. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using Gudykunst’s Anxiety/Uncertainty Management (AUM) framework. The findings indicate that intercultural communication in Lilimori is primarily sustained through pragmatic adaptation rather than deep intercultural integration. Residents manage cultural differences through shared linguistic practices, communicative restraint, and situational negotiation that prioritize social stability and predictability. While tolerance and peaceful coexistence are evident, interaction remains bounded by ethnic homophily, managed social distance, and implicit cultural boundaries. Language choice, religious accommodation, and everyday social norms function as mechanisms for reducing uncertainty and minimizing communicative risk rather than fostering intercultural intimacy. This study contributes to intercultural communication scholarship by extending AUM theory into a rural, non-institutional context and by reconceptualizing multicultural harmony as an outcome of situational negotiation rather than integrative intercultural competence. The findings highlight the importance of examining everyday communication practices in understanding how social cohesion is maintained in long-term multicultural coexistence.

Unity Lens

Ahmad Wafir

Religious diversity in Indonesia presents both social opportunities and challenges for sustaining interfaith harmony. Salatiga, a pluralistic city often referred to as “Mini Indonesia,” provides a significant context for examining community-based mechanisms of religious tolerance. This study aims to analyze how the Forum for Religious Harmony (Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama/FKUB) of Salatiga promotes interfaith tolerance and to identify factors that support and constrain these efforts. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study draws on in-depth interviews with FKUB leaders, document analysis, and indirect observation of FKUB programs. The findings show that FKUB Salatiga employs an integrated strategy combining educational outreach, symbolic interfaith engagement, humanitarian services, and institutional coordination. These strategies are effective because they embed tolerance within everyday social interactions, mobilize religious leaders as moral authorities, and rely on direct, face-to-face communication to maintain contextual sensitivity. Government facilitation strengthens program sustainability, while challenges remain related to unequal regulation of worship facilities and resource limitations. This study contributes to the literature on interfaith communication and community-based peacebuilding by demonstrating how a locally embedded interfaith institution can function as a preventive governance mechanism for social conflict. The findings offer practical implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to strengthen religious harmony in plural societies and suggest directions for future research on comparative interfaith governance and digital engagement strategies.

Unity Lens

Isnaen Rachmat Al-Hafidz, Nur Hasyim, Akhriyadi Sofian

Digital platforms have become important sites for contemporary feminist activism, particularly in sociocultural contexts where patriarchal norms, moral conservatism, and platform governance shape public discourse. In Indonesia, Instagram has emerged as a contested digital space in which feminist expressions are both enabled and constrained. This study examines how feminist discourse is constructed, sustained, and adapted through the Instagram account @indonesiabutuhfeminis, a grassroots digital feminist community. Grounded in Berger and Luckmann’s theory of the social construction of reality, the study explores feminist activism not merely in terms of visibility or engagement, but as an ongoing process of meaning construction within a structurally challenging digital environment. Using qualitative content analysis of visual and textual posts published between 2021 and 2022, complemented by systematic online observation of interaction patterns and platform practices, the findings show that feminist discourse on the account is maintained through adaptive practices rather than isolated campaigns. These practices include the repeated circulation of accessible visual-textual content, the strategic use of hashtags to foster collective identification, sustained interaction with followers, and the activation of a secondary account following platform disruption. As a single-case qualitative study, the findings are not intended for generalization; however, they provide an in-depth understanding of how grassroots feminist activism navigates digital vulnerability while maintaining ideological continuity. This study contributes to digital feminism scholarship by demonstrating how social media functions as a site where feminist meanings are continuously constructed, negotiated, and stabilized within contested digital spaces in contemporary Indonesia.

Unity Lens

Risyaldi Candra Anjassyafara, Rahman El-Junusi

The rapid growth of the halal industry has increased the need for reliable halal products, yet concerns persist regarding consumer awareness and the credibility of certification systems. This study examines the effects of Halal Awareness and Halal Certification on Purchase Intention among university students in Semarang, Indonesia. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured online questionnaires distributed to 100 undergraduate students. This sample size meets minimum methodological recommendations for regression analyses, allowing adequate statistical testing of the proposed relationships. Data were analyzed through validity and reliability assessments, classical assumption tests, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results show that Halal Awareness (β = 0.391, p = 0.006) and Halal Certification (β = 0.566, p < 0.001) both have significant positive effects on Purchase Intention. The model explains 43.8% of the variance in purchase intention (Adjusted R² = 0.438), indicating moderate explanatory power while suggesting that more than half of consumer intention is influenced by factors not measured in this study. The analysis focuses specifically on awareness and certification constructs, without incorporating additional variables such as religiosity, perceived quality, or prior purchasing experience.Because the respondents were drawn from a single Islamic university, the findings are context-specific and not representative of the broader Indonesian population. Nonetheless, the study highlights the importance of improving consumer understanding of halal principles and strengthening certification credibility. Future research should employ more diverse samples and longitudinal designs to enhance generalizability and clarify causal relationships.

Halal Science