Lela Sulastri, Nining Sugihartini, Nuri Ari Efiana

A literature review was conducted to gather information on the pharmacological properties and pharmaceutical dosage forms made from the Matoa plant (Pometia pinnata). The review aimed to provide a basis for further research and explore the potential of Matoa in the health sector. The method involved searching electronic media platforms, specifically Google Scholar, PubMed, and Open Knowledge Maps, using targeted keywords such as "Matoa,” "Pometia pinnata,” "Matoa preparation formulation,” "Pometia pinnata pharmaceutical preparation,” "Preparation of Pometia pinnata," and "Function of Pometia pinnata." The inclusion criteria included original research, full-text articles, and open-access journals, all published within the last 10 years, in both Indonesian and English. After screening, 64 articles were identified from the 185 search results. The review revealed that various parts of the Matoa plant, including leaves, fruit, stem bark, fruit peel, and roots, possess pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, analgesic, antioxidant, sunscreen, anticancer, antidiarrheal, anti-HIV, anti-obesity, diuretic, nephrotoxic, and antihypertensive activities. Additionally, various pharmaceutical dosage forms containing Matoa were studied, including topical preparations such as lotions, creams, liquid soap, and body scrubs, as well as oral preparations like effervescent powders, herbal drinks, and jelly candies. The review suggests that numerous research opportunities remain to further explore the potential of Matoa in the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields, as well as to develop innovative dosage forms for optimal results.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Syilvi Adini, Shirly Kumala, Siswa Setyahadi

Skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes often exhibit resistance to conventional treatments. This issue has led to the exploration of medical plants, such as kecombrang stems (Etlingera elatior), which are known for their antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of kecombrang stem and to identify its active compounds. The methanolic extract of kecombrang stems was tested against the three bacteria using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 80%, 40%, and 20%. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method and an ELISA reader. TLC-Bioautography was employed to identify the antibacterial compounds present in the extract. The methanol extract of kecombrang stems exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. acnes, with an inhibition zone diameter ranging from 9.23 ± 0.472 to 25.53 ± 0.378 mm. The MIC results showed that the minimum concentration of 78.12 ppm could inhibit the growth of S. aureus by 33.74%, S. epidermidis by 14.45%, and P. acnes by 3.5%. The results of TLC Bioautography analysis indicate that flavonoids exhibit antibacterial properties. The kecombrang stem has the potential to serve as an antibacterial agent against bacteria that cause skin infections.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Hasniah Hasniah, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Woro Supadmi

Vaccination has proven effective in preventing HBV transmission and reducing related health burdens. This study aimed to systematically review the long-term effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccine following primary vaccination. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Library following PRISMA guidelines. Keywords included "effectiveness," "hepatitis B," "HBV," "HepB," "vaccine," "vaccination," "immunization," "immune memory," "seroprotection," and "birth dose." Of 555 articles initially identified, nine met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that the duration of protection after primary vaccination ranges from 5 to 25 years, with an average seroprotection rate of 83.5%. Vaccination is vital for newborns, regardless of maternal HBV status, and healthcare professionals play a key role in promoting early immunization. Monitoring anti-HBs antibody levels is also recommended to assess the need for booster doses, which may help prevent HBV transmission and further reduce morbidity and mortality.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Nur Cholis Endriyatno, Lina Aliyanti Nurhidayat

Sunlight containing ultraviolet (UV) rays is harmful to human skin health. Sunscreen is one of the trendy and attractive cosmetics. Brown seaweed extract (Sargassum sp.) has the potential to be developed into a sunscreen product. This study aimed to optimize the formula of a cream containing brown seaweed extract and its in vitro photoprotection. A simplex lattice design approach was used to factor (triethanolamine and stearic acid) and responses (pH, viscosity, adhesiveness, and spreadability). The concentration of variation in stearic acid and triethanolamine affects the parameters of pH response, viscosity, adhesion, and spreadability. The simplex lattice design predicts the optimal formula with stearic acid (17%) and triethanolamine (4%). The verification proved that no significant difference between the predicted and actual results. The in vitro photoprotective evaluation results indicate that the brown seaweed extract cream is categorized as providing high sun protection and serving as a sunblock. Optimization of the brown seaweed extract cream formula using stearic acid and triethanolamine factors has been successfully achieved. The conclusion is that brown seaweed extract cream has the potential to be developed into a sunscreen cosmetic.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Yusransyah Yusransyah, Sofi Nurmay Stiani, Farahdina Chairani, Syilvi Adini, Mohamad Subchan, Ferdiyansyah Ferdiyansyah, Nabila Septiani Putri, Rossi Pratiwi, Baha Udin

Poor adherence to anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment continues to hinder therapeutic success and patient quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the TB-R mobile application in improving medication adherence and quality of life among pulmonary TB patients at Pandeglang Regional Hospital. Eighty-six patients were randomized into intervention (n = 43) and control (n = 43) groups. Adherence and quality of life were measured using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and EQ-5D-5L, respectively. After one month, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher adherence (97.7% vs. 79.0%, p < 0.001) and improvement in mean MARS scores (24.7 vs. 22.7, p < 0.001). Although quality of life gains were not statistically significant overall, notable improvements were observed in anxiety/depression and self-care domains. Demographic factors influenced outcomes: patients aged 29–39 and those living with others showed better adherence, while patients aged 40–50 experienced greater quality of life gains. Women aged 51–60 living alone had decreased adherence despite quality of life improvements. These results suggest that mHealth tools like TB-R can enhance adherence, especially when supported by favorable social and demographic conditions. Tailored digital interventions may optimize treatment outcomes in TB care. Future mHealth app development should consider these social and demographic factors to maximize effectiveness and user engagement.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Kevin Andreas Sihombing, Bustari Hasan, Santhy Wisuda Sidauruk

Mangrove snails (Telescopium sp.) are a potential source of chitin-rich shells, which can be converted into chitosan with antimicrobial, humectant, and natural thickening properties suitable for cosmetic applications. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying chitosan concentrations on the quality and shelf life of body scrubs and to identify the optimal concentration for formulation. An experimental approach was employed, assessing chitosan characteristics (yield, moisture content, ash content, nitrogen content, and degree of deacetylation) and product quality parameters (homogeneity, humectant capacity, viscosity, adhesiveness, spreadability, pH, total bacterial count, and total fungal count) over a 30-day storage period. Chitosan derived from mangrove snail shells showed a yield of 9.91%, with 6.10% moisture, 6.34% ash, 6.57% nitrogen, and 67% degree of deacetylation. The 2% chitosan formulation yielded the best results, with favorable humectant capacity (94.75%), viscosity (3746.05 cps), adhesiveness (6.12 s), spreadability (6.52 cm), pH (6.38), and low microbial counts (10³ CFU). Chitosan’s antimicrobial activity contributed to maintaining product quality and safety throughout the 30-day shelf life.

Aquatic Life Sciences

Nurul Mutiara Irwan, Sharifuddin Bin Andi Omar, Budiman Yunus

Understanding the sex ratio and initial gonadal maturity size of fish populations is essential for effective conservation and sustainable fishery management. This study aims to analyze the comparison of sex ratio and initial gonadal maturity size of marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) in Lake Tempe, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi. The research was conducted over two months, from October to November 2023, with four sampling events, two during the dark moon phase and two during the bright moon phase. A total of 285 individuals were collected, consisting of 118 females and 167 males, using jabba or bubu fishing gear. Sex identification and gonadal maturity determination were conducted at the Fisheries Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Universitas Hasanuddin. The results showed that the overall sex ratio was 0.71:1.00 (female:male), with significant male dominance during the dark moon phase and at Station 1 (near agricultural land). Gonadal maturity levels (TKG) ranged from stage I to stage V, with first gonadal maturity sizes varying between moon phases and locations. The smallest first gonadal maturity size was recorded at 175.72 mm for females (Station 1) and 191.65 mm for males (Station 1). These findings provide essential data for supporting sustainable fishery management in Lake Tempe.

Aquatic Life Sciences

Serianto Simon, Diana Maulianawati

Although required only in trace amounts, minerals are vital for the cultivation of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). However, limited studies have explored the link between mineral availability and shrimp farming performance. This study aimed to identify the types and concentrations of minerals present in shrimp ponds located in two different areas of Tarakan City, North Kalimantan, namely West Tarakan and East Tarakan districts. An exploratory approach was employed, and samples were collected using purposive sampling techniques. The analysis revealed that concentrations of Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), and Iron (Fe) in both ponds met the quality standards suitable for shrimp farming. In Pond 1, Mg levels ranged from 1200 to 1245 mg/L, Ca from 438 to 480 mg/L, and Fe was below 0.02 mg/L. Similarly, in Pond 2, Mg levels ranged from 1200 to 1290 mg/L, Ca from 432 to 480 mg/L, and Fe remained below 0.02 mg/L. These values indicate that the presence of these minerals poses no toxicity risk to shrimp culture environments. Furthermore, water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were within the acceptable range for P. monodon cultivation. No significant correlation was found between water quality and mineral concentrations. Harvest results showed a yield of 90 kg (average size 35) with a 90% survival rate in Pond 1, from an initial stocking of 3,000 post-larvae. In contrast, no shrimp were harvested from Pond 2, and the absence of yield was attributed to suspected predation, as no disease outbreak or mass mortality was observed. These findings highlight the importance of stable mineral conditions in supporting successful shrimp farming, and suggest further investigation into non-water quality factors such as predation.

Aquatic Life Sciences

Nuraisyah Nuraisyah, Riyanto Riyanto

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the freshwater mussel (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) as a natural biofilter in improving water quality in Dusun II, Bandar Klippa Village, Deli Serdang Regency. The research was conducted from August to October 2020 using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) comprising four treatments based on biofiltration duration: 0 days (control), 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days, each with four replications. The observed parameters included physical characteristics (turbidity, odor, color, total dissolved solids/TDS) and chemical properties (pH, iron/Fe, manganese/Mn, nitrite/NO₂⁻, and nitrate/NO₃⁻). Statistical significance was tested using ANOVA followed by DMRT. The results indicated that P. exilis significantly reduced turbidity and eliminated odor within 5 days of treatment. The pH also significantly decreased, although it remained within the safe threshold for clean water. Conversely, Fe and Mn concentrations did not change significantly, while nitrite and nitrate levels increased, presumably due to enhanced nitrification during filtration. Overall, P. exilis demonstrated potential as an effective biofilter for improving water's physical and chemical quality, with a 5-day filtration period identified as the optimal duration.

Aquatic Life Sciences

Desta Hutagaol, Firmansyah Firmansyah

Large pelagic fish such as tuna, skipjack, and mackerel are key export commodities for fishers at Bungus Oceanic Fishing Port due to high demand and their importance in processed fish products. This study analyzed trends, sustainable potential, and utilization levels of these resources in the western Sumatra Sea. Research conducted from March 17 to April 1, 2023, used a descriptive quantitative survey and literature review, with catch and effort data from 2015 to 2022 processed using Microsoft Excel. Results showed increasing catch trends, with tuna, skipjack, and mackerel projected to reach 723,417 kg, 462,205 kg, and 706,592 kg by 2025, respectively. The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) estimates were 532,728 kg/year for tuna, 1,047,319 kg/year for skipjack, and 10,445,616 kg/year for mackerel. On average, the utilization rate was 37%, with a fishing effort rate of 24%, both categorized as moderate. Although tuna catches exceeded the MSY in 2021 (109.55% utilization), average exploitation across species remained sustainable. These findings suggest current fishing practices have not yet surpassed ecological limits, providing room for controlled increases in fishing efforts to maximize yields while maintaining ecological balance.

Aquatic Life Sciences