Sciences of Pharmacy

Rina Wijayanti, Windi Susmayanti, Dias Feni Meliana, Afifah Husnun Fauziyah, Aprilia Mega Anjeline, Devyra Yunika Mutiara Sari Suwarto Putri, Fadhia Tafrichatul Ulya

Pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) possess various biological activities due to their secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, and triterpenoids/steroids. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of pandan leaf extracts, fractions, and isolates against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pityrosporum ovale, as well as to optimize surfactants in shampoo formulations. The experimental design used a post-test-only control group. Samples were processed through maceration, followed by fractionation and isolation using the KLT-P method. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed using the agar well diffusion method. The most effective antibacterial activity against E. coli was observed in the n-hexane isolate at 700 ppm, with an inhibition zone of 19.6 mm, classified as strong. For S. aureus, the 100% water fraction produced an inhibition zone of 9.96 mm, classified as weak. The ethanol extract showed antifungal activity against P. ovale with an inhibition zone of 6.29 mm, categorized as moderate. Shampoo formulation optimization using sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamide DEA resulted in an ideal ratio of 0.235 to 0.764. This combination produced a shampoo with acceptable physical characteristics, including a pH of 5.71, foam height of 2.56 cm, and viscosity of 899.9 cps, all of which met the standard requirements.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Sondang Khairani, Fitri Nurhayati, Mala Kurnia, Reise Manninda, Lusiana Ariani

Persahabatan General Hospital provides a variety of healthcare services, including outpatient care. Medication errors are errors in the prescribing, dispensing, and administration process that can be considered risk factors for patients. This study aims to evaluate medication errors in the transcription and dispensing phases of outpatient e-prescriptions at Persahabatan General Hospital during the period January - February 2024. This research is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through prospective observation and analyzed descriptively to determine the percentage of medication errors. Of the 363 e-prescriptions observed, the results showed no errors in the transcribing phase. However, in the dispensing phase, there were 50 (6.07%) incidents of incorrect preparing quantity of medicine, 8 (0.97%) incidents of incorrect medicine medical equipment, and 7 (0.85%) incidents of incorrect dosage. These findings suggest that although the implementation of e-prescribing is effective in reducing errors at the transcription phase, special attention must be paid to the dispensing phase to reduce the number of errors. There is a correlation between polypharmacy and medication errors in the dispensing phase, p-value < 0.001. All of these errors are resolved before the medication is administered to the patient.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Yulistia Budianti Soemarie, Rizki Rahmadi Pratama, Tiana Milanda, Melisa Intan Barliana

Lactococcus garvieae was isolated from the traditional fermented food Wadi Papuyu (Anabas testudineus Bloch) and characterized for its potential as a probiotic candidate. Growth assays demonstrated that L. garvieae could proliferate in MRS medium, reaching cell counts exceeding 107 CFU/mL after 72 h of anaerobic incubation. The isolate exhibited optimal growth at both 30 °C and 37 °C, as indicated by significant increases in absorbance at these temperatures. However, in the bile salt tolerance test using 0.5% (w/v) bile salts, L. garvieae showed a marked decline in growth, with absorbance values decreasing substantially after 24 and 48 h, indicating insufficient bile tolerance. The autoaggregation assay revealed values below 10%, suggesting limited autoaggregation capability and reduced potential for colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, the co-aggregation assay showed that L. garvieae was able to coaggregate with pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., with co-aggregation percentages exceeding 40% after 5 h. Antimicrobial activity tests demonstrated that L. garvieae produced strong inhibition zones (diameters >10–20 mm and > 20 mm) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. These findings indicate that while L. garvieae exhibits promising antimicrobial activity and co-aggregation ability, its limited bile salt tolerance and autoaggregation capacity are significant constraints in its development as a probiotic candidate.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Entris Sutrisno, Ani Anggriani, Jajang Japar Sodik

Diabetic foot ulcers are caused by neuropathy and/or peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These infections are commonly treated with empirical antibiotics. However, excessive or inappropriate antibiotic use may lead to resistance and poor treatment outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescribing patterns, rationality, and potential drug interactions in diabetic ulcer patients at a government hospital in Bandung from January to December 2023. A retrospective observational design was used to analyze the medical records of 63 patients. The most frequently used single antibiotics were ceftriaxone (51%), cefixime (20%), and ceftizoxime (17%), while the most common combination therapy was ceftizoxime + metronidazole (24%). Evaluation of antibiotic rationality showed 100% appropriate indication, 90.48% appropriate drug selection, and 98.41% appropriate dosage. Despite this, 33.33% of prescriptions had potential drug interactions with commonly co-prescribed medications. These findings indicate generally rational antibiotic use with areas for improvement in drug selection and interaction management. The study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and rational prescribing to prevent antimicrobial resistance and ensure patient safety.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Subandi Subandi, Fredlina Rossa Balindra, Aura Bella Gizta, Husnul Khotimah, Kusworini Handono

Cervical cancer, mainly driven by oncogenic HPV infections, remains a global health burden. Cisplatin is standard chemotherapy for advanced cases but is limited by toxicity. Nano liposomal curcumin, with improved bioavailability, may enhance cisplatin’s efficacy. This study investigated the combination’s effect on HeLa cells by analyzing Cyclin E1 and Bcl-2 expression. Nano liposomal curcumin was synthesized using thin-film hydration, yielding stable 32 nm nanoparticles. HeLa cells were divided into control and treatment groups, and varying doses of nano liposomal curcumin with cisplatin were received. Flow cytometry revealed significant reductions in Cyclin E1 (from 18.62 ± 1.45 to 5.79 ± 0.47) and Bcl-2 (from 32.56 ± 0.82 to 28.19 ± 0.30) at the highest dose (p < 0.05). Cell viability decreased to 9% with cisplatin alone and 1% with the combination. These results indicate that nano liposomal curcumin enhances cisplatin’s antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, supporting its potential as an adjuvant to lower cisplatin doses while maintaining efficacy. Further research involving additional molecular markers, in vivo models, and clinical trials is needed to optimize dosing, confirm safety, and evaluate therapeutic potential.

Sciences of Pharmacy

Nur Rahmi Hidayati, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Imaniar Noor Faridah, Rinto Susilo

Diabetes mellitus is currently one of the global health threats. The prevalence and incidence of this disease continue to increase, both in industrialised and developing countries, including Indonesia. There are different types of DM marker gene polymorphisms in each racial group. These genetic variations contribute to the response of oral antidiabetic drugs. This article aims to conduct a narrative review of the influence of gene polymorphisms on oral antidiabetic drug response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Article searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Wiley published from 2014 to 2024. From the screening, 30 articles met the criteria. The articles reported various gene polymorphisms associated with the efficacy of oral antidiabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with certain gene variations, there was no significant decrease in HbA1c values after taking medication. Gene polymorphisms may affect the pharmacokinetics of oral antidiabetics and therapeutic response in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Sciences of Pharmacy