Abstract: Vaccination has proven effective in preventing HBV transmission and reducing related health burdens. This study aimed to systematically review the long-term effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccine following primary vaccination. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Library following PRISMA guidelines. Keywords included "effectiveness," "hepatitis B," "HBV," "HepB," "vaccine," "vaccination," "immunization," "immune memory," "seroprotection," and "birth dose." Of 555 articles initially identified, nine met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that the duration of protection after primary vaccination ranges from 5 to 25 years, with an average seroprotection rate of 83.5%. Vaccination is vital for newborns, regardless of maternal HBV status, and healthcare professionals play a key role in promoting early immunization. Monitoring anti-HBs antibody levels is also recommended to assess the need for booster doses, which may help prevent HBV transmission and further reduce morbidity and mortality. Show less...

Abstract: Sunlight containing ultraviolet (UV) rays is harmful to human skin health. Sunscreen is one of the trendy and attractive cosmetics. Brown seaweed extract (Sargassum sp.) has the potential to be developed into a sunscreen product. This study aimed to optimize the formula of a cream containing brown seaweed extract and its in vitro photoprotection. A simplex lattice design approach was used to factor (triethanolamine and stearic acid) and responses (pH, viscosity, adhesiveness, and spreadability). The concentration of variation in stearic acid and triethanolamine affects the parameters of pH response, viscosity, adhesion, and spreadability. The simplex lattice design predicts the optimal formula with stearic acid (17%) and triethanolamine (4%). The verification proved that no significant difference between the predicted and actual results. The in vitro photoprotective evaluation results indicate that the brown seaweed extract cream is categorized as providing high sun protection and serving as a sunblock. Optimization of the brown seaweed extract cream formula using stearic acid and triethanolamine factors has been successfully achieved. The conclusion is that brown seaweed extract cream has the potential to be developed into a sunscreen cosmetic. Show less...

Abstract: Poor adherence to anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment continues to hinder therapeutic success and patient quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the TB-R mobile application in improving medication adherence and quality of life among pulmonary TB patients at Pandeglang Regional Hospital. Eighty-six patients were randomized into intervention (n = 43) and control (n = 43) groups. Adherence and quality of life were measured using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and EQ-5D-5L, respectively. After one month, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher adherence (97.7% vs. 79.0%, p < 0.001) and improvement in mean MARS scores (24.7 vs. 22.7, p < 0.001). Although quality of life gains were not statistically significant overall, notable improvements were observed in anxiety/depression and self-care domains. Demographic factors influenced outcomes: patients aged 29–39 and those living with others showed better adherence, while patients aged 40–50 experienced greater quality of life gains. Women aged 51–60 living alone had decreased adherence despite quality of life improvements. These results suggest that mHealth tools like TB-R can enhance adherence, especially when supported by favorable social and demographic conditions. Tailored digital interventions may optimize treatment outcomes in TB care. Future mHealth app development should consider these social and demographic factors to maximize effectiveness and user engagement. Show less...