Sciences of Phytochemistry Archives (Volume 4 Issue 1)

Basil Nse Ita, Godwin Ndarake Enin, Itoro Esiet Udo. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Dissotis erecta (Guill. & Perr.) Dandy Flowers. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2025; 4(1):40-48.

Abstract: Dissotis erecta is a shrubby herb belonging to the Melastomataceae family, commonly found in Nigeria. It is widely recognized for its diverse ethnomedicinal applications, including treating edema, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, and rheumatism. Alongside other plant parts, its flowers, rich in biologi Show more...

Abstract: Dissotis erecta is a shrubby herb belonging to the Melastomataceae family, commonly found in Nigeria. It is widely recognized for its diverse ethnomedicinal applications, including treating edema, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, and rheumatism. Alongside other plant parts, its flowers, rich in biologically active compounds, are valued for their aesthetic appeal and potential health benefits. This study assessed the antioxidant properties, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and bioactive contents of the methanolic extract of D. erecta flowers. The antioxidant properties were determined by the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing activity, and metal chelating assay. The extract demonstrated strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, metal chelating ability, and reducing power, with IC50 values of 79.84 ± 0.64 µg/mL, 125.77 ± 2.64 µg/mL, 87.89 ± 0.91 µg/mL, and 71.71 ± 0.55 µg/mL, respectively. Phytocompounds such as alkaloids, sterols, and terpenoids were present in the flower extract, while phlobatanins and glycosides were absent. Total phenolic content was 57.47 ± 0.21 mg GAE/g, while total flavonoid content was 83.52 ± 0.31 mg QE/g. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis identified α-terpineol (86.53%), nerolidol (7.44%), campesterol (1.12%), and neocurdione (1.29%) as the predominant components. These findings indicate that D. erecta flowers contain a significant amount of phytocompounds with antioxidative properties that could potentially be useful in managing diseases related to oxidative stress. Show less...

Dissotis erecta flowers Bioactive components Antioxidant activity

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Umar Abdulkadir Hassan, Jalilah Ibrahim Tahir, Comfort Foluwake Akanji, Abdulmutalib Adamu, Albashir Tahir. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Guiera Senegalensis in Murine Models. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2025; 4(1):49-54.

Abstract: Pain and inflammation are global public health challenges, often requiring safer and more effective treatments. Medicinal plants like Guiera senegalensis have been traditionally used for pain and inflammatory conditions, but scientific validation of their therapeutic potential is limited. This study Show more...

Abstract: Pain and inflammation are global public health challenges, often requiring safer and more effective treatments. Medicinal plants like Guiera senegalensis have been traditionally used for pain and inflammatory conditions, but scientific validation of their therapeutic potential is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol leaf extract of G. senegalensis in murine models. Fresh G. senegalensis leaves were collected, authenticated, and subjected to ethanol extraction. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify bioactive compounds. Acute toxicity studies were performed following OECD guidelines. Analgesic effects were evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the hot plate test, while the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the formalin-induced paw edema model. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. Acute toxicity tests showed no mortality or severe adverse effects at 2000 mg/kg. The extract demonstrated dose-dependent analgesic activity, with 84% inhibition of writhing at doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, outperforming Diclofenac (59%). In the hot plate test, moderate central analgesic effects were observed. Anti-inflammatory tests showed significant reductions in paw edema at doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, comparable to Diclofenac. Ethanol leaf extract of G. senegalensis exhibits significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, likely mediated by its flavonoid, saponin, and tannin content. These findings support its traditional use and highlight its potential as a natural alternative for managing pain and inflammation. Show less...

Analgesic effect Anti-inflammatory Writhing test Hot plate test

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Gumilar Adhi Nugroho, Yesi Desmiaty, Yati Sumiyati, Sandra Loretta Suherman, Helsa Lim. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Colocasia esculenta in Commercial Herbal Products. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2025; 4(1):33-39.

Abstract: Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine in several countries worldwide. The corm of taro and two commercial products were analysed due to total phenolic, flavonoid, luteolin, and antioxidant properties. Taro corm was extracted with water and analys Show more...

Abstract: Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine in several countries worldwide. The corm of taro and two commercial products were analysed due to total phenolic, flavonoid, luteolin, and antioxidant properties. Taro corm was extracted with water and analysed for phytochemical screening, total flavonoids, total phenolic, luteolin, and antioxidant properties. The phytochemical screening of taro showed that it contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and quinones. The results of the determination of total flavonoid content of taro extract, Product 1, and Product 2 capsule obtained 19.34 ± 0.26 mg QE/g extract, 18.58 ± 0.18 mg QE/g extract, and 16.29 ± 0.23 mg QE/g extract. The results of determining the total phenolic content of taro, Product 1, and Product 2 capsules obtained 39.75 ± 0.95 mg GAE/g extract, 38.46 ± 0.46 mg GAE/g extract, and 35.91 mg GAE/g extract. ± 0.82 mg GAE/g extract. The results of the determination of luteolin from taro, Product 1, and Product 2 capsules obtained 0.83 ± 0.05 %, 0.39 ± 0.04 %, and 0.18 ± 0.08 %. The results of the antioxidant activity test obtained IC50 of vitamin C of 4.6780 ± 0.0319 ppm, corm dry extract and ginger rhizome 141.2383 ± 3.4995 ppm and 97.6685 ± 7.8760 ppm, respectively, and capsule products 2; 126.0724± 1.3672 ppm. The water extract of corm and available products containing CE extract have met the quality standard parameters required for non-specific parameters, luteolin content, and antioxidant properties. Show less...

Antioxidant Taro extract Extract standardization Indonesian Herbs

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Olusesan Ojo, Mokgadi P. Mphahlele, Edwin M. Mmutlane, Derek T. Ndinteh. Antimicrobial Activity of Triterpenoid and Steroidal Cinnamates from Vitellaria paradoxa. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2025; 4(1):26-32.

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a global threat to human health, and its recent burden has necessitated an urgent need for new antibiotics to fight the growing negative impacts of AMR. Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. is a medicinal plant used to treat bacterial infections, including diarrhea, tub Show more...

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a global threat to human health, and its recent burden has necessitated an urgent need for new antibiotics to fight the growing negative impacts of AMR. Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn. is a medicinal plant used to treat bacterial infections, including diarrhea, tuberculosis (TB), and other respiratory infections in Africa. This study, therefore, assessed the antimicrobial effect and the cytotoxicity of isolated secondary metabolites from the hexane extract of V. paradoxa stem-bark against a panel of bacterial pathogens. After cold maceration, the resulting extract was purified using column chromatography on silica gel. The resazurin-based 96-well plate micro-dilution method was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of the isolated compounds. On further assay, the MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of compounds on the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The column fractionation led to the isolation of 11-hydroxy β-amyrin cinnamate (compound 1), α-amyrin cinnamate (compound 2), and sitosterol cinnamate (compound 3). All the compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.0625 – 1.0 mg/mL. Compound 3 showed the highest antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains (MICs; 0.0625 - 0.25 mg/mL). The compounds showed no remarkable cytotoxic properties (IC50; 77.82 ± 10.5 - 82.53 ± 4.07). As far as we know, the results described the antimicrobial activities of compounds 1-3 for the first time. These results provide scientific justification for the traditional uses of V. paradoxa in treating bacterial infections. The highest antibacterial effect of compound 3 highlights its potential as a lead compound. Show less...

Drug resistance Vitellaria paradoxa Antibacterial Cytotoxicity, Sitosterol cinnamate

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Subba Tata Sape. In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Bacopa Monnieri Leaf Extracts on Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2025; 4(1):20-25.

Abstract: The increasing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics poses a global health challenge, emphasizing the urgent need to discover new antibacterial compounds to combat hard-to-treat infections. This study aims to evaluate the bactericidal activity of crude leaf extracts from the multi-medic Show more...

Abstract: The increasing resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics poses a global health challenge, emphasizing the urgent need to discover new antibacterial compounds to combat hard-to-treat infections. This study aims to evaluate the bactericidal activity of crude leaf extracts from the multi-medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri against six bacterial strains. The crude extracts, prepared at different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 µg/mL), were tested for efficacy using the agar well diffusion method. Among the tested extracts, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest bactericidal activity, followed by chloroform and hexane extracts. Notably, all three solvent extracts at 300 µg/mL were most effective against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones of 21.5 mm (ethanol), 16.12 mm (chloroform), and 10.3 mm (hexane). In contrast, the lowest antibacterial activity was observed against Proteus vulgaris, with inhibition zones of 15.3 mm (ethanol), 10.2 mm (chloroform), and 5.6 mm (hexane). These findings suggest that the ethanol extract of B. monnieri is a promising candidate for the development of novel antibacterial compounds. Show less...

Brahmi Bactericide Ciprofloxacin Dimethyl sulfoxide Inhibition zone

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Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru, Neksumi Musa, Enoch Buba Badgal. Phytochemistry and GCMS Analysis of Ethanol and Aqueous Stembark Extracts of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. Fabaceae. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2025; 4(1):9-19.

Abstract: The therapeutic applications of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases can be attributed to their diverse phytochemical constituents. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum. Qualitative and quanti Show more...

Abstract: The therapeutic applications of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases can be attributed to their diverse phytochemical constituents. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to determine the presence and concentrations of phytochemicals, followed by the identification of phytoconstituents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aqueous extract was found to contain saponins (27.11 ± 0.22%) and flavonoids (47.33 ± 0.70% ), with alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, and terpenoids absent. In contrast, the ethanol extract contained alkaloids (10.78 ± 0.59%), saponins (45.11 ± 0.48%), glycosides (5.44 ± 0.48%), and flavonoids (11.00 ± 0.77%), while steroids and terpenoids were not detected. GC-MS analysis revealed 14 compounds in the aqueous extract and 20 in the ethanol extract. The major constituents of the aqueous extract included hydroperoxide, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl (58.32%), 1,2,3-benzenetriol (16.44%), and cis-p-coumaric acid (11.05%). In the ethanol extract, the predominant compounds were coumarin (29.41%), benzofuran (17.23%), and catechol (9.23%). The identified compounds may serve as potential synthetic templates for the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting various diseases. This study supports the ethnomedicinal use of D. microcarpum and provides a scientific basis for its role in traditional medical practices. Show less...

Ethnomedicine Phytotherapy Profiling Coumarin Catechol

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Vincent Oghenerobo Imieje, Lilian Nneoma Amafili. GC-MS Profiling, In Vitro Antimalarial, and Antimicrobial activity of Ricinodendron heudelotii Seed Extracts. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2025; 4(1):1-8.

Abstract: Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum strains resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) exacerbates the situation. This underscores the urgent need to identify novel, less toxic antima Show more...

Abstract: Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum strains resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) exacerbates the situation. This underscores the urgent need to identify novel, less toxic antimalarial compounds, particularly from natural sources. This study evaluated the in vitro antimalarial and antimicrobial activities of Ricinodendron heudelotii (RHD) seed extracts against Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) and select pathogenic microorganisms using standard protocols. Seeds (250 g) were dried, ground, and extracted with n-hexane and dichloromethane, yielding RHD-HEX and RHD-DCM extracts, respectively. The oily extract (RHD-HEX) was analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing 26 phytoconstituents, including monoterpenes, fatty acids, and phytosterols. Antimalarial assays showed that RHD-HEX and RHD-DCM exhibited moderate activity (>200 µg/mL) against the chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum (D6 strain). Both extracts demonstrated stronger activity against the chloroquine-resistant W2 strain, with IC50 values of 30.29 and 33.48 µg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial screening indicated moderate activity against tested pathogenic fungi and bacteria (IC50 > 200 µg/mL) compared to fluconazole and cefotaxime controls. Cytotoxicity against VERO cell lines was also assessed. The findings suggest that the phytoconstituents in RHD extracts may contribute to the observed antimalarial and antimicrobial effects, warranting further investigation. Show less...

Cytotoxicity Chloroquine resistant Phytoconstituents

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