Sciences of Pharmacy
Volume 3 Issue 2
Showing 5 Articles
RESEARCH ARTICLE
- research article
Larvicidal Activity of Red Betel Leaves (Piper ornatum) Ethanolic Extract Against Mosquito Larvae
Amelia Soyata, Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa, Sabda Wahab
Larvae are the initial carriers of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and culex, making them significant in disease transmission. Excessive chemical larvicides pose serious risks to human health, thus driving the development of biological alternatives like red betel leaf extract. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of red betel leaf extract in larval control. Using 300 larvae, concentrations of 5%, 6%, and 7% were tested with three replicates over 24 h. The bioassay involved placing the larvae into a plastic container filled with the extract. It was found that ethanol extract from Piper ornatum leaves contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. After 24 h, results revealed 83% mortality at 5%, 98% at 6%, and 100% at 7% of extract concentration. Consequently, the 7% concentration showed the fastest efficacy in killing mosquito larvae (100% in 50 min). The LC50 value, representing the concentration at which 50% of larvae are killed, was determined to be 0.04%. Additionally, the LT50 value, indicating the time required to kill 50% of larvae (based on the LC50 value), was found to be 3.34 hours. In conclusion, red betel leaf extract demonstrated promising larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae. Future research is anticipated to prove its safety via in vitro and in vivo test.
Sciences of Pharmacy
13 Jun 20245 pages - research article
Effect of Combination of Porang and Moringa Flour on Blood Glucose Levels and Body Weight in Rats
Dian Ratih Laksmitawati, Umi Marwati, Fauzia Noprima Okta, Citra Prastuti Partana
Porang tuber is rich in fiber and low in calories of carbohydrates. Moringa oleifera leaf has a high protein and a low content of lipids. Obesity and diabetes mellitus are the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, also known as cardiovascular disease risk factors. Combining of porang and moringa as feed can increase nutrition without causing weight gain. This study aims to determine these two materials as antidiabetic and antiobesity agents. The samples are porang tuber, a combination of porang tuber and M. oleifera leaves, a combination of M. oleifera leaves and wheat flour, wheat flour, and standard feed of mice. The parameters tested in this study are analysis of macronutrients of feed, loss of weight of mice, average consuming feed in 28 days, and reduction of blood glucose with a glucometer. The results obtained are a combination of porang tuber and moringa had a low contain carbohydrates and a high contain lipids and protein, can reduction in body weight of 21%, the lowest consumption of feed, and the lowest fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels compared to the other feeds. A combination of porang and moringa can be an antidiabetic and antiobesity agent.
Sciences of Pharmacy
2 Apr 20247 pages 
research articleBioactive Compounds of Rosa canina L. and Their Effect on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β Activity in Diabetes-Induced Rats
İlayda Sezin YALÇINKAYA, Onur AKTAN, Leyla AÇIK, Gülnihal KULAKSIZ ERKMEN, NILUFER VURAL, Sibel KAYMAK, Yiğit Can ATEŞ
The ethnopharmacological significance of Rosa canina, or dog rose, transcends diverse cultures, with traditional applications in treating various diseases. This study investigates the potential pharmacological application of R. canina for diabetes treatment, aiming to assess its antidiabetic properties through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico analyses targeting pro-cytokines. Biochemical profiling utilizing HPLC, and phenolic content analyses were conducted to reveal the antioxidant properties of R. canina. In diabetic rats, root extracts influenced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, with an exploration of DNA-binding and protective activities. DPPH scavenging and iron chelating activities were measured, identifying significant IC50 values. The chromatographic analysis identified various compounds, with Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and Rutin exhibiting high inhibitory activity against TNF-alpha. In silico analyses highlighted inhibitory activities by molecular docking against TNF-α and IL-1β (PDB IDs 2AZ5 and 9ILB, respectively) and their drug potential based on ADMET properties. The obtained results have demonstrated a significant decrease in blood glucose levels in mice through the reduction of TNF-α and IL-1β mediated diabetic processes, facilitated by the R. canina extract. In conclusion, this study exploring the effects of R. canina extracts on diabetic rats have provided valuable insights into its potential therapeutic benefits. The observed reductions in blood glucose levels, improvements in lipid profiles, and modulation of antioxidant activity highlight its promising role in managing diabetes-related complications. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the dosage regimens for harnessing the full therapeutic potential of R. canina extracts in diabetes management.
Sciences of Pharmacy
2 May 202415 pages- research article
Nanosuspension Formula of Curcuma xanthorriza Rhizome Dry Extract: Impact of Tween 80-PEG 400 Ratio
Moch Futuchul Arifin, Elza Shafira, Yuslia Noviani, Yesi Desmiaty, Fauzia Noprima Okta
Our previous research investigated nanosuspension using the ionic gelation method with a 2:1 ratio of chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and 0.44% Curcuma xanthorriza rhizome extract. The results indicated an unstable nanosuspension with a particle size of 399.3 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.60, and an entrapment efficiency of 73.37%. This study aims to develop a nanosuspension using Tween 80-PEG 400 to improve the characteristics and dissolution at pH 6.8. Curcuma rhizome was macerated with 96% ethanol and dried using a spray dryer. The nanosuspension formulation was designed using a 22 factorial design with Tween 80 (0.1%-0.4%) and PEG 400 (0.1%-0.4%) as factors, and the formulation was analyzed using Minitab 18. The dissolution of the optimum formulation was tested. The best formulation, comprising 0.1% Tween 80 and 0.4% PEG 400, provided a spherical shape, a particle size of 111.26 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.27, a zeta potential of 30.77 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 84.30%, and a desirability value of 0.9058. The release of curcumin at pH 6.8 after 180 minutes was 37.85% ± 0.1375 with a DE180 of 83.60% ± 0.1457. The 22 factorial design proved effective for enhancing formulation attributes. Based on the result obtained, it can be concluded that the best formulation contains 0.1% Tween 80 and 0.4% PEG 400, with zero-order release kinetics and a diffusion mechanism.
Sciences of Pharmacy
10 Jun 20248 pages - research article
Characterization, In Silico Antimalarial, Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant, and ADMET Assessment of Neonauclea excelsa Merr.
Neksumi Musa, Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru, Enoch Buba Badgal
In our study, we identified the phytoconstituents and carried out antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and ADMET assessments of Neonauclea excelsa. The phytochemicals were detected and quantified followed by identification via GC-MS. The antimalaria, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant assessments were done by molecular docking (MD) and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) while ADMET by ADMET predictions. Saponins (27.33% ±1.20) and terpenes (8.33% ±0.73) were detected while alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, and flavonoids were absent. Exactly 29 compounds were identified with squalene being the most abundant (32.41%). Compound II exhibited the lowest BA (-6.4 kcal/mol) and Ki (20.12 µM), interacting with dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase. IV exhibited the lowest respective BA and Ki interacting with Plasmodium falciparum hexose transporter protein 1 (-6.2 kcal/mol and 28.20 µM), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (-7.2 kcal/mol and 5.21 µM), and myeloperoxidase (-7.4 kcal/mol and 3.71 µM). Compound VII had the lowest respective BA and Ki interacting with inducible nitric oxide synthase (-8.0 kcal/mol and 1.35 µM), xanthine oxidase (-7.2 kcal/mol and 5.21 µM), and cytochrome p450 21A2 (-7.0 kcal/mol and 7.30 µM). The MDS showed various cluster mobilities and residue fluctuations up to 5.26, 2.96, 5.10, 3.51, 5.02, 4.65, and 6.18 Å for dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase, P. falciparum hexose transporter protein 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome p450 21A2, and myeloperoxidase, respectively. Additionally, these compounds demonstrated good pharmacological properties with minimal toxicity. Conclusively, the identified compounds might be significant contributors to the antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of N. excelsa and are good sources of novel antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant drugs.
Sciences of Pharmacy
8 May 202416 pages
Journal Key Facts
Publishing Fee (APC)
IDR 1,100,000
Open Access License
CC BY 4.0
Language
English
Overview
Sciences of Pharmacy (SciPhar) is an international, peer-reviewed open-access journal of pharmacy published by ETFLIN. We offer a platform and place for researchers and intellectuals, especially the youth, to share their insights and works. SciPhar accepts original article, reviews, mini-review, book-review, technical note, case report, case series, clinical trial, opinion/perspective, conference proceeding, and pictorial essay. Author may submit or suggest another type of scientific manuscript. Sciphar publishes 4 issues a year. Sciences of Pharmacy is affiliated with Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung.
Latest Articles
Recently published research articles, review papers, and technical notes from the current volume of the journal.
- case report
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Carboplatin-Paclitaxel, Cisplatin-Pemetrexed, and Carboplatin-Gemcitabine Chemotherapy Regimens in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer at Persahabatan Central General Hospital
Venni Melinda, Yusi Anggriani, Sondang Khairani, Fitri Nurhayati
Platinum-based chemotherapy remains an important treatment option for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in settings where reimbursement and resource allocation are major considerations. A retrospective observational cost-effectiveness study was conducted using medical records and billing data from adult patients with NSCLC who received carboplatin–paclitaxel, cisplatin–pemetrexed, or carboplatin–gemcitabine in 2023. Effectiveness outcomes included the one-year survival rate (%) and median progression-free survival (PFS). Costs were calculated based on direct medical expenses over six chemotherapy cycles. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using ACER, ICER, and dominance analysis. A total of 101 patients were included: 81 received carboplatin and paclitaxel, 14 received cisplatin and pemetrexed, and 6 received carboplatin and gemcitabine. Mean direct medical costs were IDR 27, 588, 547, IDR 41, 214, 281, and IDR 47, 471, 752, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in one-year survival rate or median PFS among the regimens, although interpretation should consider the unequal sample sizes (81 vs. 14 vs. 6), which limit statistical power. Based on one-year survival, carboplatin–paclitaxel had the lowest ACER and dominated the other regimens by providing higher observed survival at lower cost. Based on median PFS, cisplatin–pemetrexed provided longer PFS than carboplatin–paclitaxel but at a higher cost, requiring ICER-based interpretation. Carboplatin–paclitaxel was associated with the lowest direct medical cost and the most favorable cost-effectiveness profile based on one-year survival among the evaluated regimens. However, conclusions should be interpreted cautiously because of the retrospective design, small and unequal group sizes, and potential confounding by baseline clinical characteristics.
Sciences of Pharmacy
12 Jul 202610 pages - research article
Characterization of Gomphrena globosa L. Flower Extract and Anti-Acne of Formulated Cream Against Cutibacterium acnes
Stefani Alya Swasa Wuryanto, Ida Ayu Manik Damayanti, Putu Indrayoni
Cutibacterium acnes is a cause of acne. Conventional treatments often lead to side effects and bacterial resistance, necessitating natural alternatives. Globe Amaranth (Gomphrena globosa L. ) shows potential as an anti-acne agent. This study employed an in vitro experimental laboratory design to evaluate the anti-acne activity of G. globosa L. flower extract formulated cream against C. acnes using the well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was tested using KN (base cream), KP (1% clindamycin cream), F1 (10%), F2 (15%), and F3 (20%), and the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis. Results indicated that the ethanolic extract of GA flowers has an IC50 of 85.483 ppm, TPC of 60.456 ± 0.589 mg GAE/g, and TFC of 34.390 ± 0.989 mg QE/g. It exhibited antibacterial activity against C. acnes, with inhibition zone diameters of 6.693 ± 0.2 mm for the 15% formula and 7.382 ± 0.22 mm for the 20% formula. The antibacterial activity is believed to be driven by the presence of secondary metabolites, particularly phenols and flavonoids identified in the extract.
Sciences of Pharmacy
4 Jul 202611 pages - research article
Comparative Effectiveness of Sunnah Fasting Variations on Fasting Blood Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pragmatic Pilot Study
Abdur Rosyid, Satibi Satibi, Fita Rahmawati, Lutfan Lazuardi
Intermittent fasting has increasingly been incorporated into complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) strategies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The extent to which weekly fasting frequency dictates glycemic outcomes is well-noted; however, the distinct clinical benefit of increasing Sunnah fasting adherence to two days weekly remains an unresolved question in diabetes management. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Monday-only Sunnah fasting versus combined Monday and Thursday Sunnah fasting on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This research is a pre-experimental employing a within-subject exploratory pilot comparison with a single-group pre-post design involving 50 participants selected through purposive sampling, with data analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that most participants (84%) were between 43 and 54 years of age, and the majority were female (56%). practicing Sunnah fasting twice weekly (Monday and Thursday) resulted in significantly lower average FBG (186,67 mg/dL) compared to fasting only once a week on Mondays (202.28 mg/dL), statistically significant reduction in FBG (Z= -2.660, p= 0.008; r= 0.37, Cohen’s d= 0.79). The study suggests that practicing Sunnah fasting twice weekly offers a more favorable impact on fasting blood glucose control for T2DM patients than fasting only once a week.
Sciences of Pharmacy
28 Jun 20266 pages - research article
Ancestral Heritage Toward Health Innovation: A Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Betel Leaf (Piper betle Linn.) Extract from the Betel-Chewing Tradition Against Oral Pathogenic Bacteria
Norhidayah Norhidayah, Safira Maza, Novita Anggraeni, Taufik Qurrahman, Rizki Rahmadi Pratama, Yulistia Budianti Soemarie
Traditionally, menginang (a mixture of betel leaf, areca nut, gambir, and lime) has been used as a natural antibacterial agent. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of single betel leaf extract and menginang extract against four oral pathogenic bacteria in vitro. This study compared the antibacterial activity of traditional menginang extract and single betel leaf extract against multiple oral pathogenic bacteria to evaluate their potential synergistic antibacterial effects. The experimental method used a disk diffusion technique at three concentrations (12.5%, 25%, and 50%), and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as the positive control, while distilled water was used as the negative control. The 50% menginang extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, with inhibition zones ranging from 22.76 ± 1.38 mm to 28.22 ± 0.14 mm, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The inhibition zones produced by the 50% menginang extract were close to those of 0.2% chlorhexidine. The superiority antibacterial activity of menginang extract may be associated with synergistic interactions among alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids identified during phytochemical screening. The menginang extract has high potential to be developed as an innovative natural product for oral health.
Sciences of Pharmacy
10 Jul 202612 pages - research article
GC-MS Profiling and Literature-Based Mechanistic Prediction of Lemon Essential Oil and Mango Leaf Extract as Potential Supportive Candidates for Nicotine Addiction Management
Sulistiyaningsih Sulistiyaningsih, Tri Diana Puspita Rini, Indiana Gita Anggraeni
Nicotine addiction remains a major global health problem that necessitates the development of safe and effective supportive therapies. This study aimed to characterize the metabolite profiles of lemon essential oil (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. ) and 96% ethanol extract of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and to explore their potential mechanisms in nicotine addiction management through a literature-based mechanism mapping approach. Compounds were identified based on retention time, mass spectrum matching, and relative peak area percentages. GC-MS analysis showed that lemon essential oil was predominantly composed of D-limonene (58.72%), followed by β-pinene (13.82%) and γ-terpinene (11.43%). Meanwhile, the 96% ethanol extract of mango leaves was dominated by methyl gallate (27.61%), along with several phenolic compounds and triterpenoids, including vitamin E and lupeol. The identified metabolites suggest distinct but potentially complementary biological activities. Lemon essential oil may exert supportive effects through neuromodulatory pathways, whereas mango leaf extract may contribute through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These findings indicate that both natural products possess potential complementary roles as supportive agents in nicotine addiction management. However, further biological and clinical studies are required to validate their efficacy and safety.
Sciences of Pharmacy
30 Jun 20266 pages