Sciences of Phytochemistry
Articles Published in Volume 3 Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.58920/sciphy0302
Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru, Abdulhasib Oluwatobi Oni, James Danga, Aisha Alfa Alhaji, Faith Jonah, Alkasim Yahaya Hauwa, Zainab Muhammad. An In Vitro Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. Fabaceae. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2024; 3(2):114-122.
Abstract: Medicinal
plants are regarded as important sources of exogenous antioxidants due to their
phytoconstituents’ free radical scavenging potential. The present study
explores the phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity of n-hexane
(HFDM) and chloroform (CFDM) fractions of Detarium microcarpum f
Show more...
Abstract: Medicinal
plants are regarded as important sources of exogenous antioxidants due to their
phytoconstituents’ free radical scavenging potential. The present study
explores the phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity of n-hexane
(HFDM) and chloroform (CFDM) fractions of Detarium microcarpum for
potential use in the phytotherapy of oxidative stress-linked ailments. The
phytoconstituents were qualitatively determined, while the antioxidant activity
was determined by in vitro assays. Alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and
flavonoids were detected in both fractions, while glycosides and terpenoids
were absent. The HFDM (55.40 ± 2.66 AAE µg/mL) showed a significantly higher
total antioxidant capacity than the CFDM (34.84 ± 1.22 AAE µg/mL, p<0.05)
at the tested concentration (100 µg/mL) while the CFDM (57.84 ± 2.16 AAE
µg/mL) exhibited a significantly higher ferric reducing antioxidant power than
the HFDM (46.11 ± 1.91 AAE µg/mL, p<0.05) at the tested
concentration (100 µg/mL). In the ferric thiocyanate assay, there was no
significant (p>0.05) difference between the HFDM (65.59 ± 2.32%)
and CFDM (77.42 ± 2.95%). However, both fractions exhibited significantly
higher percentage inhibition than ascorbic acid (9.68 ± 5.41%, p<0.05).
Moreover, the HFDM (0.21 ± 0.01 nmol/mL) exhibited a significantly lower
MDA concentration than the CFDM (0.66 ± 0.06 nmol/mL) and AA (0.46 ± 0.02
nmol/mL). Additionally, ascorbic acid (0.46 ± 0.02 nmol/mL) showed a
significantly lower MDA concentration than CFDM (0.66 ± 0.06 nmol/mL). The
n-hexane and chloroform fractions of the plants showed promising antioxidant
potential, which might be attributed to the identified phytochemicals that have
potential applications in the phytotherapy of oxidative stress-linked diseases.
Show less...
Free radicals
Lipid peroxidation
Oxidative stress
Phytochemical composition
Phytotherapy
Views: 344, Download: 20, HTML
Abdul K. Jaleel, Sapna Jacob, Suresh Mohan Ghosh, Amritesh Suresh. A Comprehensive Review on Nutrient Profile and Pharmacological Benefits of Musa paradisiaca. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2024; 3(2):123-143.
Abstract: The
Banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn., Family: Musaceae) is one of the oldest
and most widely cultivated fruit plants, dating back to prehistoric times.
Bananas are rich in minerals and phytochemicals, contributing to their
significant culinary, nutritional, and medicinal properties. This review
a
Show more...
Abstract: The
Banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn., Family: Musaceae) is one of the oldest
and most widely cultivated fruit plants, dating back to prehistoric times.
Bananas are rich in minerals and phytochemicals, contributing to their
significant culinary, nutritional, and medicinal properties. This review
analyzes 191 peer-reviewed articles
published between 1981 and July 2023 to comprehensively assess the health
benefits of bananas. Studies highlight their effectiveness in reducing
inflammation, cancer, diabetes, depression, diarrhea, urolithiasis, and ulcers.
Additionally, bananas exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, antihyperlipidemic,
antiatherosclerotic, hepatoprotective, hair-growing, wound-healing, and
antihypertensive properties. The articles were sourced from databases such as
PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords like Musa paradisiaca,
health benefits, inflammation, cancer, diabetes, and phytochemicals. Inclusion
criteria included original research, clinical trials, in vitro and in vivo
studies, and reviews focused on banana’s medicinal properties, while
non-peer-reviewed papers and studies not directly related to Musa
paradisiaca were excluded. This review reinforces the comprehensive
health-promoting benefits of bananas and sets the stage for future research,
which should focus on large-scale clinical trials, phytochemical
standardization, and sustainable utilization of banana plant components.
Bananas hold immense potential as both a functional food and a medicinal plant,
making them a promising subject for future studies in nutraceuticals and
sustainable agriculture.
Show less...
Musa paradisiaca
phytochemicals
anti-cancer
antidiabetic
antibacterial
antiviral
antifungal
depression
urolithiasis
hypertension
Views: 1376, Download: 44, HTML
Dauda Garba, Bila Hassan Ali, Bashar Bawa, Abdulrazaq Sanusi, Yahaya Mohammed Sani, Muhammad Garba Magaji, Musa Isma’il Abdullahi, Aliyu Muhammad Musa, Hassan Halimatu Sadiya. Exploring the Antimalarial Efficacy of Globimetula oreophila Leaf Fractions in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice: In Vivo Approach. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2024; 3(2):105-113.
Abstract: The development of parasite resistance to first-line antimalarial medicines, especially the Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), has made the research and development of novel antimalarial medications vital. Globimetula oreophila, a plant used in traditional medicine to treat malaria, is
Show more...
Abstract: The development of parasite resistance to first-line antimalarial medicines, especially the Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), has made the research and development of novel antimalarial medications vital. Globimetula oreophila, a plant used in traditional medicine to treat malaria, is a natural product that may provide new antimalarial drugs with fewer side effects, greater efficacy and lower risk of resistance than synthetic drugs. This study aims to evaluate the antiplasmodial properties of G. oreophila's fractions. The plant leaves were air-dried and reduced in size using a pestle and mortar. The pulverized plant was macerated in 70% ethanol and fractionated with solvent in increasing polarity of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to produce the various fractions. The antiplasmodial activity of the n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of G. oreophila leaf extract was assessed using an in vivo method in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice via prophylactic, suppressive, and curative test. The fractions' median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg in mice. The median effective dose (ED50) of the fractions at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg produced a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the level of parasitemia. The ethyl acetate fraction had the best antiplasmodium activity compared to other plant fractions. The fractions of G. oreophila showed significant in vivo antiplasmodial activity, which upholds the earlier in vivo findings for the crude extract and its folkloric use. Further study should be carried out to isolate active secondary metabolites responsible for this observed antimalarial activity in all four investigated fractions.
Show less...
Globimetula oreophila
Natural product
Phytochemical
Plasmodium falciparum
Resistance
Views: 447, Download: 17, HTML
Mohamed Said Rajab. In Silico Analysis of Limonoid-Based Antifeedants from Melia volkensii Targeting the Ryanodine Receptor in Spodoptera frugiperda. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2024; 3(2):98-104.
Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest causing significant crop losses worldwide. Resistance development and health and environmental concerns associated with synthetic insecticides have prompted a search for eco-friendly biopesticides. Limonoids such as salannin, volkensin, and volkensinone, iso
Show more...
Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest causing significant crop losses worldwide. Resistance development and health and environmental concerns associated with synthetic insecticides have prompted a search for eco-friendly biopesticides. Limonoids such as salannin, volkensin, and volkensinone, isolated from the East African plant Melia volkensii, show antifeedant activity against S. frugiperda larvae. Volkensin had an ED50 of 3.5 µg/cm², volkensinone (a lactone of volkensin) an ED50 of 6 µg/cm², and salannin an ED50 of 13 µg/cm². Additional limonoids from M. volkensii, including salanninolide and toosendanin, also displayed strong antifeedant effects. With toosendanin already used commercially, a re-evaluation of M. volkensii antifeedant compounds was conducted using in silico techniques. Docking simulations with 3D models of these limonoids and the S. frugiperda ryanodine receptor protein revealed binding affinities from -6.4 to -7.5 kcal/mol, comparable to those of chlorantraniliprole, a commercial insecticide targeting ryanodine receptors. These binding affinities at two distinct receptor sites align well with in-vitro antifeedant activity, underscoring M. volkensii’s potential for environmentally friendly, receptor-targeted biopesticide development against S. frugiperda.
Show less...
Molecular docking
Volkensin
Salannin
Views: 414, Download: 10, HTML
Aisosa Prince Erhabor, Osayawe Pride Erhabor. Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Composition of Aqueous Extracts from Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2024; 3(2):91-97.
Abstract: Azadirachta indica (neem) and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) are among the most promising medicinal plants, valued for their broad spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. These plants play a cent
Show more...
Abstract: Azadirachta indica (neem) and Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) are among the most promising medicinal plants, valued for their broad spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. These plants play a central role in traditional Nigerian medicine for treating tropical diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever, yellow fever, and scabies. This study employed gravimetric analysis to identify and quantify the phytochemical compounds in both plants. Fresh leaves were collected, cleaned, air-dried, and their aqueous extracts were screened for key phytochemical constituents. The analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and phenolic compounds in both extracts. Quantitative results showed that Azadirachta indica had the highest flavonoid content (13.80%), slightly surpassing Vernonia amygdalina (13.62%). Similarly, terpenoids (13.13%) and alkaloids (10.67%) were more abundant in the neem extract compared to the bitter leaf (8.21% and 9.68%, respectively). Lower percentages of glycosides and saponins were observed, with neem containing higher concentrations of both compounds than the bitter leaf. These findings suggest that both plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential applications in developing antibacterial and antifungal treatments. Further research into the phytochemical properties of these plants may facilitate the discovery of novel drugs to combat tropical diseases while reducing the reliance on synthetic chemicals, thus mitigating environmental degradation.
Show less...
Bitter leaf
Neem leaves
Secondary metabolites
Phytochemistry
Gravimetry
Views: 776, Download: 40, HTML
Mohamed Said Rajab. In Silico Structure-Activity Study of Selected Triterpenoids as Potential Inhibitors of Mycolic Acid Transporter of Mycobacterial MmpL3 Receptor Protein. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2024; 3(2):82-90.
Abstract: Structural features of the triterpenoid skeleton that are necessary for antimycobacterial activity are not well understood. Following the isolation of the triterpenoids ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide, 6β-hydroxykulactone, 12β-hydroxykulactone, (24R)-24,25-epoxycycloartan-3-one and (3β,24R)-24,25-epo
Show more...
Abstract: Structural features of the triterpenoid skeleton that are necessary for antimycobacterial activity are not well understood. Following the isolation of the triterpenoids ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide, 6β-hydroxykulactone, 12β-hydroxykulactone, (24R)-24,25-epoxycycloartan-3-one and (3β,24R)-24,25-epoxycycloartan-3-ol, and (3β,24R)-24,25-epoxycycloartan-3-acetate with varying antimycobacterial activity ranging between MIC of 1 µg/ml to128 µg/ml prompted us to study this class of compounds further to shade light on the structural features necessary for their antimycobacterial activity. This in silico study involved docking the triterpenoids on the mycobacterial multi-pharmacophore receptor protein MmpL3. The docking results were compared with the MmpL3 receptor protein co-crystallized TB drug candidate, AU1235, (1-(2-adamantyl)-3-[2,3,4-tris(fluoranyl)phenyl] urea). The virtual screening revealed key structural features in the triterpenoid skeleton, including the C-3 keto and β-hydroxy group on C-3 or C-6, as important for antimycobacterial activity. Also, the decreased binding affinity for compounds 2 and 7 with an acetate group on C-3 were in tandem with those observed in vitro. Toxicity predictions revealed that this class of compounds had no mutagenic effects and displayed favorable pharmacokinetic parameters. The study reveals the potential of the triterpenoid skeleton exemplified by the readily available ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide as a useful scaffold in searching and developing effective therapeutic lead entities to facilitate anti-tuberculosis drug discovery.
Show less...
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
MmpL3
Receptor protein 6ajh
Molecular docking
Triterpenoids
Views: 581, Download: 21, HTML
Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki Odion, Daniel Akpe-Efiak Ambe, Kidochukwu Naomi Ifejika, Eravweroso Congrat Odiete, Chinyelu Clementina Osigwe. Phytochemical Profiling, Cytotoxicity, and Antiproliferative Potential of Solenostemon monostachyus (Fabaceae) Leaves. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2024; 3(2):72-81.
Abstract: Solenostemon monostachyus (S. monostachyus) is a widely distributed and important herb in central and west Africa, traditionally used in treating various ailments, including tumors. This study aims to identify the phytoconstituents in the methanol leaf extract of S. monostachyus and evaluate the cyt
Show more...
Abstract: Solenostemon monostachyus (S. monostachyus) is a widely distributed and important herb in central and west Africa, traditionally used in treating various ailments, including tumors. This study aims to identify the phytoconstituents in the methanol leaf extract of S. monostachyus and evaluate the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative potentials of the methanol extract and its fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate). Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted to determine different classes of phytochemical constituents in the powdered leaf. Phytoconstituents were identified from the methanol extract by chromatographic analysis (HPLC and GC-MS). The extract and fractions of S. monostachyus were tested against Raniceps raninus tadpoles and Sorghum bicolor radicles to evaluate their cytotoxic and growth suppression potentials. HPLC analysis revealed catechin, cyanogenic glycosides, flavanone, sparteine, sapogenin, and phytate. GC-MS analysis displayed (Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9-octadecenoic acid ester, 2-dodecyl-1,3-propanediol, 1-nitro-bicyclo[6.1.0]nonan-2-one, and furazano[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,6-diamine, N, N’-di(propynyl) as the prominent compounds. A cytotoxic effect was observed at 160 µg/mL, with a recorded 56.67 ± 3.33% mortality within 0.5 h, increasing to 100.00 ± 0.00% mortality of the tadpoles within 1 h of treatment. A concentration of 16 mg/mL of S. monostachyus extract significantly (p<0.05) exerted 56.15% (0.82 ± 0.08) suppression of the emerging radicles in 24 h, which later increased to 94.55% (1.10 ± 0.07) after 96 h. This indicates that S. monostachyus leaf extract contains phytochemicals with cytotoxic and growth-suppression potentials.
Show less...
Raniceps raninus
Sorghum bicolor
Cyanogenic glycosides
Sparteine
Views: 853, Download: 26, HTML
Jimmy J Daka, Temwani Nyimbili, Grace Mwaba, Gladys Dowati, Albert Mwanza, Munsaka Siankuku, Derrick Banda, Zebron N Tembo, Francis Kayamba, Danny Banda, Arunachalam Kalirajan, Hyden Simwatachela. A comparative study of in-vivo wound healing properties of Tithonia Diversifolia. A gray crude extracts to Silver Sulphadiazine in Albino Wistar rats. Sciences of Phytochemistry. 2024; 3(2):60-71.
Abstract: One species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family is Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray (T. diversifolia), which grows as a shrub or weed. Significant anti-infective therapeutic characteristics, such as anti-mycobacterial, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria, and anthelmintic
Show more...
Abstract: One species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family is Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray (T. diversifolia), which grows as a shrub or weed. Significant anti-infective therapeutic characteristics, such as anti-mycobacterial, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria, and anthelmintic effects, have been discovered in the plant's extracts. Ethnic communities have been using the plant extract to cure wounds. They appear to prefer it above conventional treatments in many circumstances, to the point where their aqueous solution may be smuggled into medical institutions in order to augment the care provided. The purpose of this study was to compare T. diversifolia with silver sulphadiazine's capacity for wound healing. For 72 hours, a 70% ethanol alone and water alone was used to extract the plant. After the extracts dried out, the powder was measured and 10 mL of reconstituted volume was assessed at various concentrations for the purpose of treating wounds. Silver sulphadiazine was used as the positive control and distilled water as the negative control. According to the findings, the aqueous extract had a 48.0% healing rate after 14 days of treatment, ethanol had a 20.0% healing rate, and silver sulphadiazine had a 22.0% healing rate. It is possible to draw the conclusion that the aqueous extract concentration of 0.6 mg/10 mL demonstrated a higher healing percentage than silver sulphadiazine and the ethanol extract.
Show less...
Tithonia diversifolia
Wound healing
Silver sulphadiazine
Aqueous extract
Views: 1113, Download: 46, HTML
